El cáncer de colon ye diagnosticáu al traviés d'una combinación de pruebes y procedimientos, que pueden incluyir:
1. Exame físicu: Un médicu va faer un exame físicu pa comprobar si hai anormalidaes o signos de enfermedá.
2. Analises de sangre: Los analises de sangre pueden ayudar a determinar si hai anormalidaes na sangre que puedan indicar la presencia de cáncer.
3. Analises de feces: Un analís de feces puede detectar la presencia de sangre nes fieces, lo que pue ser un signu de cáncer de colon.
4. Colonoscopia: ye un procedimientu nel que s'inserta nel rectu un tubu delgáu y flexible con una lluz y una cámara nel estremu pa esaminar el colon.
Mientres una colonoscopia, el médicu puede tamién tomar amueses de texíu (biopsias) pa esaminar si hai célules canceroses.
5. Sigmoidoscopia: Igual qu'una colonoscopia, una sigmoidoscopia examina la parte inferior del colon.
6. Colonoscopia virtual: ye una tomografía computarizada del colon que crea una imaxe tridimensional del colon y el rectu.
7. analís de sangre oculta nes fieces: Esta prueba comprueba la presencia de sangre nes fieces, lo que pue indicar la presencia de cáncer.
8. Enema de bariu de doble contraste: ye un exame col colón y el rectu, nel que s'usa un material de contraste pa resaltar cualquier anormalidá.
9. Biopsia: Una biopsia ye la eliminación d'una pequeña cantidá de texíu del colon pa esaminalo col microscopiu pa determinar si hai célules canceroses.
10. Imáxenes: Pueden tomase tomografíes computarizadas, resonancies magnétiques y radiografíes de tórax pa determinar si'l cáncer estendióse a otres partes del cuerpu.
Una vegada que se diagnostica un cáncer de colon, el médicu determina l'estadiu del cáncer, lo que ayuda a determinar el meyor tratamientu.
La estadificación básase nel tamañu y l'allugamientu del tumor, según si esti espardióse a otres partes del cuerpu.
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How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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