Ana gano cutar sankarar mafitsara ta hanyar hada gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin, wanda zai iya hada da:
1. Binciken Ƙashin Ƙugu: Likita zai saka yatsarsa da aka shafa man shafawa a cikin ƙashin ƙugu don ya gwada ko akwai wani abu da ba daidai ba a cikin ƙashin ƙugu.
2. Gwajin Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA): Wannan gwajin jini ne wanda ke auna matakin PSA, furotin da glandar prostate ke samarwa.
Haɓaka matakan PSA na iya nuna kasancewar cutar kansa.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): Ana saka ƙaramin bincike a cikin rectum don ƙirƙirar hoton prostate ta amfani da raƙuman sauti.
Wannan zai iya taimaka wajen gano duk wani abu da ba daidai ba a cikin glandar prostate.
4. Biopsy: Ana cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin prostate kuma ana bincika su a ƙarƙashin madubin ƙwayoyin cuta don kasancewar ƙwayoyin kansa.
Wannan ita ce hanya guda daya tilo da za'a iya gano cutar kansa.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Wani bincike na MRI na prostate zai iya taimaka wajen gano duk wani abu da ba daidai ba kuma ya yi ja-gora wajen yin gwajin ƙwayar.
6. Gwajin kwayoyin halitta: Wasu likitoci suna iya yin amfani da gwajin kwayoyin halitta don su san ko ciwon daji yana da tsanani kuma su tsai da shawara game da yadda za a bi da shi.
7. Binciken Kashi: Ana iya yin binciken kashi don a duba ko cutar kansa ta bazu zuwa ƙasusuwa.
8. Hoton kwamfuta: Ana iya yin amfani da hoton kwamfuta don a bincika ko ciwon ya yaɗu zuwa wasu gaɓoɓi ko kuma wasu ɓangarori na jiki.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba duk maza da matakan PSA da suka tashi ba ko sakamakon DRE na al'ada zasu sami cutar kansa, kuma ba duk cututtukan prostate zasu haifar da matakan PSA ba.
Saboda haka, ana buƙatar biopsy don tabbatar da ganewar asali.
Ƙari ga haka, ana yanke shawarar yin gwajin bayan an yi la'akari da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da kuma abubuwan da mutum yake so da kuma haɗarin da ke tattare da cutar.
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Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
['Bayanin sanarwa: likita']
['Wannan shafin yanar gizon don ilimantarwa ne kawai ba don ba da shawara ko kuma ba da shawara ta likita ba.']
['Bai kamata a yi amfani da bayanin da aka bayar don gano ko magance matsalar lafiya ko cuta ba, kuma waɗanda suke neman shawarar likita na sirri ya kamata su tuntuɓi likitan da ke da lasisi.']
['Lura cewa hanyar sadarwar jijiyoyin da ke samar da amsoshin tambayoyin, ba ta da daidaito musamman idan ya zo ga abun cikin lamba. Misali, yawan mutanen da aka gano suna da takamaiman cuta.']
["Koyaushe nemi shawarar likitanka ko wani ƙwararren mai ba da lafiya game da yanayin likita. Kada ka taɓa yin watsi da shawarar likita ko jinkiri wajen neman ta saboda wani abu da ka karanta a wannan rukunin yanar gizon. Idan kuna tsammanin kuna da matsalar gaggawa ta likita, kira 911 ko je zuwa ɗakin gaggawa mafi kusa nan da nan. Babu wata alaƙar likita da mara lafiya da aka ƙirƙira ta wannan rukunin yanar gizon ko amfaninsa. BioMedLib ko ma'aikatanta, ko kowane mai ba da gudummawa ga wannan rukunin yanar gizon, ba su yin kowane wakilci, bayyane ko a bayyane, dangane da bayanan da aka bayar a nan ko amfaninsa."]
['Bayanin haƙƙin mallaka']
['Dokar haƙƙin mallaka ta Millennium ta 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) tana ba da damar neman masu haƙƙin mallaka waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa kayan da ke bayyana a Intanet sun keta haƙƙinsu a ƙarƙashin dokar haƙƙin mallaka ta Amurka. ']
['Idan kun yi imani da gaskiya cewa duk wani abun ciki ko kayan da aka samar dangane da gidan yanar gizon mu ko ayyukanmu ya keta haƙƙin mallaka, ku (ko wakilin ku) na iya aiko mana da sanarwa don neman cire abun ciki ko kayan, ko toshe damar zuwa gare shi. ']
["Dole ne a aika da sanarwa a rubuce ta hanyar imel (duba sashin 'Saduwa' don adireshin imel). "]
['DMCA tana buƙatar sanarwar ku game da zargin keta haƙƙin mallaka ya haɗa da waɗannan bayanan: (1) bayanin aikin haƙƙin mallaka wanda shine batun zargin cin zarafin; (2) bayanin abin da ake zargi da cin zarafin abun ciki da kuma isasshen bayani don ba mu damar gano abun ciki; (3) bayanin tuntuɓar ku, gami da adireshin ku, lambar tarho da adireshin imel; (4) sanarwa daga gare ku cewa kuna da kyakkyawan imani cewa abun cikin yadda ake korafin ba shi da izinin mai haƙƙin mallaka, ko wakilinsa, ko ta aikin kowace doka; ']
['(5) sanarwa daga gare ku, wanda aka sanya hannu a ƙarƙashin hukuncin shaidar zur, cewa bayanin da ke cikin sanarwar daidai ne kuma kuna da ikon aiwatar da haƙƙin mallaka wanda ake zargin an keta shi; ']
['da (6) sa hannu na zahiri ko na lantarki na mai haƙƙin mallaka ko mutumin da aka ba shi izinin yin aiki a madadin mai haƙƙin mallaka. ']
['Rashin hada dukkan bayanan da ke sama na iya haifar da jinkiri wajen aiwatar da korafin ka.']
['Tuntuɓi']
['Da fatan za a aiko mana da imel tare da kowace tambaya / shawara.']
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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['Game da']
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