Ana sawetara faktor risiko kanggo kanker payudara, sawetara sing bisa diowahi lan liyane sing ora bisa diowahi.
Mangkene sawetara faktor risiko sing paling umum:
1. Umur: Risiko ngembangake kanker payudara mundhak kanthi umur, kanthi umume kasus kedadeyan ing wanita sing umure luwih saka 50 taun.
2. Riwayat kulawarga: Duwe sedulur sing cedhak, kayata ibu, adhine, utawa putrine, kanker payudara nambah risiko sampeyan.
3. Mutasi genetik: Mutasi gen sing diwarisake, kayata BRCA1 lan BRCA2, nambah risiko ngalami kanker payudara.
4. Riwayat reproduksi: Menarche awal (wiwitan menstruasi), menopause pungkasan, lan ora duwe anak utawa duwe anak pisanan sawise umur 30 taun bisa nambah risiko kasebut.
5. Terapi penggantian hormon: Panggunaan jangka panjang saka terapi hormon estrogen lan progesteron gabungan sawise menopause bisa nambah risiko.
7. Obesitas: Kelebihan berat badan utawa obesitas nambah risiko, utamane sawise menopause.
8. Aktivitas fisik: Kurang aktivitas fisik bisa nambah risiko.
9. Paparan radiasi: Paparan dosis radiasi sing dhuwur, utamane nalika isih cilik, bisa nambah risiko kasebut.
10. Kapadhetan payudara: Wanita sing duwe payudara sing padhet duwe risiko kanker payudara sing luwih dhuwur.
11. Riwayat menstruasi: Wanita sing wiwit menstruasi awal (sadurunge umur 12 taun) utawa ngalami menopause pungkasan (sawise umur 55 taun) duwe risiko sing luwih dhuwur.
12. Breastfeeding: Wanita sing ora tau nyusoni duwe risiko sing luwih dhuwur kanggo ngembangake kanker payudara.
Penting kanggo dicathet yen duwe siji utawa luwih faktor risiko ora ateges yen wong mesthi bakal ngalami kanker payudara, lan ora duwe faktor risiko ora njamin yen wong ora bakal ngalami kanker payudara.
Nanging, ngerti faktor-faktor risiko iki bisa mbantu individu nggawe keputusan sing dingerteni babagan kesehatane lan bisa nyuda risiko kasebut.
Wung SF, Hepworth JT, Sparenga D, Merkle CJ: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015, 42 (5): E330-8.
Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.
Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.
Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.
Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.
Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.
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What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.
Here are some of the most common risk factors:
1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.
8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.
However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.
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