How is Urticaria diagnosed?

['Tega amatwi iyi paji']

Ni gute umuntu ashobora kumenya ko afite ikibyimba?

Urticaria, izwi kandi nk'inkondo y'umura, ni indwara y'uruhu igaragazwa no kugaragara kw'ibibyimba bitukura, bibabaza, kandi byuzuye ku ruhu.

Ishobora guterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, harimo kugira ubwivumbure, kwandura no gufata imiti imwe n'imwe.

Gupima urticaria bisaba gusuzuma amateka y'indwara, ukagenzura umubiri, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ukagenzura ibizamini byo muri laboratwari.

1. Indwara yagize: Umuganga azamubaza uko yari amerewe, harimo niba hari icyo arwaye, niba aherutse kurwara n'imiti yafashe.

Nanone bashobora kukubaza igihe ibimenyetso byatangiriye kugaragara n'igihe byamaze.

2. Gusuzuma umubiri: Umuganga azasuzuma uruhu kugira ngo arebe niba nta bimenyetso birugaragaraho, arebe uko zingana n'aho zagiye.

Nanone bashobora kureba niba nta bindi bimenyetso by'ubwivumbure afite, urugero nko kubyimba mu maso, ku minwa cyangwa ku rurimi.

3. Ibizamini byo muri laboratwari: Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, muganga ashobora kugusaba ko umurwayi afatwa ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo arebe niba nta bimenyetso byerekana ko afite ubwivumbure cyangwa se niba nta ndwara afite.

Hashobora no gukorwa ibizamini byo ku ruhu, urugero nko gupima umuntu ukoresheje akuma cyangwa agakoresho gasuzuma aho umuntu arwaye, kugira ngo hamenyekane ibintu runaka bitera indwara.

4. Gupima indwara ziterwa n'ibyokurya byanduye: Iyo umuganga akeka ko umuntu afite ikibazo cy'ibyokurya byanduye, ashobora kumwohereza kwa muganga w'inzobere mu kuvura indwara ziterwa n'ibyokurya byanduye kugira ngo akorerwe ibindi bizamini.

Ibyo bishobora kuba bikubiyemo gupima umuntu ku ruhu, gupima ahantu runaka cyangwa amaraso kugira ngo hamenyekane ibintu runaka bitera indwara.

5. Gusuzuma ibimenyetso: Muganga azasuzuma n'ibindi bishobora kuba byaratumye umuntu agaragaza ibimenyetso, urugero nk'ubundi burwayi bw'uruhu cyangwa ubundi burwayi busanzwe, kandi ashobora no kumusaba ko yakongera akamusuzuma kugira ngo arebe niba nta bindi bimenyetso afite.

6. Gupima indwara: Mu gihe umuntu arwaye urticaria, aho udusebe duterwa n'ibintu bifatika nk'ubushyuhe, ubukonje cyangwa igitutu, umuganga ashobora gukora isuzuma kugira ngo yemeze ko arwaye.

Ibyo bisaba ko umuntu ashyira ku ruhu ikintu runaka bakeka ko ari cyo cyatumye arwara, kugira ngo arebe niba hari icyo kimutwara.

7. Gusuzuma indwara ziterwa n'abasirikare b'umubiri: Mu gihe umuntu arwaye urticaria idakira, muganga ashobora kumusuzuma kugira ngo arebe niba nta ndwara ziterwa n'abasirikare b'umubiri zirimo, kuko hari igihe izo ndwara zishobora kuba ari zo zitera iyo ndwara.

8. Gusuzuma ibipimo by'umubiri: Rimwe na rimwe, umuntu ashobora gukorerwa ibizamini byo mu rwego rwa tekiniki, urugero nko gufata ifoto ya X-ray cyangwa iy'ikoranabuhanga rya CT, kugira ngo barebe niba nta bindi bibazo afite bishobora gutuma arwara indwara nk'iyo.

Muri rusange, gusuzuma urticaria bisaba guhuza amateka y'indwara, isuzuma ry'umubiri, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ibizamini byo muri laboratwari.

Intego ni ukumenya impamvu nyayo ituma arwara iyo ndwara, hanyuma tukareba uburyo bwiza bwo kumuvura.

['Ibitabo']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .

Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.

Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .

Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.

Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.

Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.

['Icyitonderwa: ubuvuzi']

["Uru rubuga rwashyiriweho kwigisha abantu no kubaha amakuru gusa, ntirutanga inama ku birebana n'ubuvuzi cyangwa ngo rukore nk'ikigo gitanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi."]

["Amakuru atangwa n'iyi porogaramu ntagomba gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma cyangwa kuvura ikibazo cy'uburwayi cyangwa indwara runaka, kandi abashaka inama z'ubuvuzi bagombye kugisha inama umuganga ubifitiye uburenganzira."]

['Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga nkoranyambaga zitanga ibisubizo kubibazo, ntabwo zifite ukuri mugihe kijyanye numubare. Kurugero, umubare wabantu basanzwemo indwara runaka.']

["Buri gihe ujye usaba inama umuganga wawe cyangwa undi muntu wemewe mu bijyanye n'ubuzima ku bijyanye n'uburwayi. Ntuzigere wirengagiza inama z'abaganga cyangwa ngo utinde kuzisaba bitewe n'ikintu wasomye kuri uru rubuga. Niba utekereza ko ufite ikibazo cyihutirwa, hamagara 911 cyangwa ujye ku ivuriro rikwegereye. Nta mubano hagati y'umuganga n'umurwayi ukorwa n'uru rubuga cyangwa ikoreshwa ryarwo. Yaba BioMedLib cyangwa abakozi bayo, cyangwa undi muntu wese wagize uruhare kuri uru rubuga, nta gihamya batanga, yaba igaragara cyangwa itagaragara, ku bijyanye n'amakuru atangwa hano cyangwa ikoreshwa ryayo."]

["Ibirego: uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi"]

["Itegeko ryo mu 1998 ryerekeye uburenganzira bw'ibihumbi by'ibihumbi by'ibihumbi by'ibihumbi, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) ritanga ubujurire ku bafite uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi bemera ko ibintu bigaragara kuri interineti bibangamira uburenganzira bwabo hakurikijwe amategeko y'uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi muri Amerika. "]

['Niba wemera ko ibintu cyangwa ibikoresho byashyizwe ku rubuga rwacu cyangwa serivisi bitubahiriza uburenganzira bwawe, wowe (cyangwa umuhagarariye) ushobora kutwoherereza ubutumwa udusaba ko ibyo bintu cyangwa ibikoresho bikurwaho, cyangwa ko utabikoresha.']

['Itangazo rigomba koherezwa mu nyandiko kuri interineti (reba ahanditse "Kwitaba" kugira ngo ubone aderesi ya interineti). ']

["DMCA isaba ko imenyesha ryawe ry'ikirego cyo kuvutswa uburenganzira rikubiyemo amakuru akurikira: (1) ibisobanuro by'igikorwa kirengera uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi kivugwaho kuvutswa uburenganzira; (2) ibisobanuro by'ibikubiyemo bivugwa ko ari ukurenga ku mategeko n'amakuru ahagije atuma dushobora kubona ibikubiyemo; (3) amakuru yo kuguhamagaraho, harimo aderesi yawe, nomero ya terefone na aderesi imeyiri; (4) inyandiko yawe ivuga ko ufite icyizere ko ibikubiyemo mu buryo bwatanzwe nta burenganzira bifite na nyiri uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi, cyangwa umukozi we, cyangwa mu mategeko ayo ari yo yose; "]

["(5) inyandiko yawe isinyweho, uhanishwa kubeshya, yemeza ko amakuru ari mu itangazo ari ukuri kandi ko ufite ububasha bwo kurengera uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi uvugwaho kubwamburwa; "]

["kandi (6) umukono usanzwe cyangwa wa elegitoroniki w'ufite uburenganzira ku nyandiko cyangwa uw'umuntu wabiherewe uburenganzira bwo gukora mu izina ry'ufite uburenganzira ku nyandiko. "]

['Kudatanga amakuru yose yavuzwe haruguru bishobora gutuma ikibazo cyawe gitinda gukemurwa.']

['Uko twavugana na we']

['Ohereza imeri ikibazo / igitekerezo.']

How is urticaria diagnosed?

Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.

It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.

Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.

1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.

They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.

2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.

They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.

3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.

Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.

4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.

This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.

5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.

6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.

This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.

7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.

8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.

Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.

The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.

Disclaimer: medical

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