Il- marda taʼ Alzheimer hija disturbu newrodegenerattiv progressiv li primarjament jaffettwa l- moħħ, u jikkawża telf taʼ memorja, tnaqqis konjittiv, u bidliet fil- mġiba.
Il- kawża eżatta tal- marda taʼ Alzheimer mhix mifhuma għalkollox, imma huwa maħsub li tirriżulta minn kombinazzjoni taʼ fatturi ġenetiċi, ambjentali, u taʼ l- istil taʼ ħajja.
Xi wħud mill- fatturi li jistgħu jikkontribwixxu għall- żvilupp tal- marda taʼ Alzheimer jinkludu:
1. Ġenetika: Ġew identifikati ċerti ġeni li jżidu r- riskju li jiżviluppaw il- marda taʼ Alzheimer, b'mod partikolari l- ġene tal- apolipoproteina E (APOE).
2. L- età: Ir- riskju li tiżviluppa l- marda taʼ Alzheimer jiżdied mal- età, u l- biċċa l- kbira tan- nies jiġu dijanjostikati wara l- età taʼ 65 sena.
3. Storja tal- familja: Li jkollok storja tal- familja tal- marda taʼ Alzheimer jistaʼ jżid ir- riskju li tiżviluppa din il- kundizzjoni.
4. Korrimenti fuq ir- ras: Storja taʼ korrimenti fuq ir- ras, speċjalment dawk li jirriżultaw f'telf tal- kuxjenza, jistgħu jżidu r- riskju tal- marda taʼ Alzheimer.
5. Fatturi taʼ riskju kardjovaskulari: Kondizzjonijiet bħal pressjoni għolja tad- demm, kolesterol għoli, u dijabete jistgħu jżidu r- riskju li tiżviluppa l- marda taʼ Alzheimer.
6. Fatturi dwar l- istil taʼ ħajja: Stil taʼ ħajja sedentarju, dieta ħażina, u nuqqas taʼ stimulazzjoni mentali jistgħu jżidu r- riskju tal- marda taʼ Alzheimer.
8. Stress ossidattiv: Żbilanċ bejn il- produzzjoni taʼ radikali ħielsa u l- ħila tal- ġisem li jiddetossikahom jistaʼ jikkontribwixxi għall- żvilupp tal- marda taʼ Alzheimer.
9. Plaċċi amilojdi u tangles neurofibrillari: L- akkumulazzjoni ta ' plaċċi amilojdi u tangles neurofibrillari fil- moħħ hija karatteristika tal- marda ta ' Alzheimer, iżda r- rwol li għandhom fl- iżvilupp tal- kundizzjoni mhuwiex mifhum bis- sħiħ.
Huwa importanti li wieħed jinnota li l- kawża tal- marda taʼ Alzheimer hija kumplessa u x'aktarx li tinvolvi kombinazzjoni taʼ dawn il- fatturi.
Qed isir riċerka biex jinftiehmu aħjar il- mekkaniżmi sottostanti u jiġu żviluppati trattamenti effettivi għal din il- kundizzjoni devastanti.
Vellas B, Andrieu S, Cantet C, Dartigues JF, Gauthier S: Long-term changes in ADAS-cog: what is clinically relevant for disease modifying trials in Alzheimer? J Nutr Health Aging. , 11 (4): 338-41.
Braak E, Griffing K, Arai K, Bohl J, Bratzke H, Braak H: Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease: what is new since A. Alzheimer? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999, 249 Suppl 3 (): 14-22.
Kovacs GG: Can Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease unravel the mysteries of Alzheimer? Prion. 2016, 10 (5): 369-376.
Cankurtaran M, Yavuz BB, Cankurtaran ES, Halil M, Ulger Z, Ariogul S: Risk factors and type of dementia: vascular or Alzheimer? Arch Gerontol Geriatr. , 47 (1): 25-34.
Mahami-Oskouei M, Hamidi F, Talebi M, Farhoudi M, Taheraghdam AA, Kazemi T, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Fallah E: Toxoplasmosis and Alzheimer: can Toxoplasma gondii really be introduced as a risk factor in etiology of Alzheimer? Parasitol Res. 2016, 115 (8): 3169-74.
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What causes alzheimer?
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the brain, causing memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes.
The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
Some of the factors that may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease include:
1. Genetics: Certain genes have been identified that increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, particularly the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene.
2. Age: The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease increases with age, with most people being diagnosed after the age of 65.
3. Family history: Having a family history of Alzheimer's disease may increase the risk of developing the condition.
4. Head injuries: A history of head injuries, particularly those that result in loss of consciousness, may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
5. Cardiovascular risk factors: Conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
6. Lifestyle factors: A sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and lack of mental stimulation may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
7. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in the brain may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
8. Oxidative stress: An imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's ability to detoxify them may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
9. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles: The accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, but the role they play in the development of the condition is not fully understood.
It is important to note that the cause of Alzheimer's disease is complex and likely involves a combination of these factors.
Research is ongoing to better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop effective treatments for this devastating condition.
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