Un attaccu cardiacu, canusciutu macari comu nfartu miocardicu, si virifica quannu lu flussu di sangu a na parti dû cori è bluccatu, di sòlitu di nu coagulu di sangu.
Chistu impedisci a l'ossigginu e a li nutrienti di raggiungiri lu musculu cardiacu, causannu la morti dî celluli cardiachi.
La causa cchiù cumuni di n'attaccu cardìacu è la malatia di l'arteria curunaria (CAD), ca è lu strittu o l'ostruzzioni di l'arteria curunaria a causa di l'accumulu di placca.
La placca è fatta di cullerisòli, di sustanzi grassi e d'àutri matiriali ntô sangu.
Li fatturi di rischiu pi CAD e attaccu cardiacu cumprènninu:
1. Pressioni sanguigna àuta
2. Culori àutu
3. Lu diabeti
4. Fumari
5. L'obesità
6. Storia famigliari di malatie cardiache
7. Sitàri
8. Alimenti malsani
9. Stressu
10. Etati (lu rischiu aumenta cu l'età)
11. Sessu (l'òmini sunnu cchiù a risicu di li fìmmini)
È mpurtanti nutari ca nun tutti l'attacchi cardiaci sunnu causati dî stissi fatturi, e arcuni ponnu succèdiri senza nuddu fatturi di rischiu canusciutu.
Tuttavia, trattari e cuntrullari sti fatturi di rischiu pò aiutari a ridùciri la prubbabbilità di aviri n'attaccu cardiacu.
Felix H, Narcisse MR, Rowland B, Long CR, Bursac Z, McElfish PA: Level of Recommended Heart Attack Knowledge among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Adults in the United States. Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2019, 78 (2): 61-65.
Van Hooser JC, Rouse KL, Meyer ML, Siegler AM, Fruehauf BM, Ballance EH, Solberg SM, Dibble MJ, Lutfiyya MN: Knowledge of heart attack and stroke symptoms among US Native American Adults: a cross-sectional population-based study analyzing a multi-year BRFSS database. BMC Public Health. 2020, 20 (1): 40.
Bahr RD: The early heart attack care strategy in the war against heart attack deaths utilizing the chest pain center approach in emergency departments. Md Med J. 1997, Suppl (): 9-13.
Narcisse MR, Rowland B, Long CR, Felix H, McElfish PA: Heart Attack and Stroke Symptoms Knowledge of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the United States: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey. Health Promot Pract. 2021, 22 (1): 122-131.
Einecke D: [New heart attack guideline. What is new and where the biggest deficits are]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2012, 154 Spec No 3 (): 24-5.
Brown MP: The effect of nursing professional pay structures and pay levels on hospitals' heart attack outcomes. Health Care Manage Rev. , 31 (3): 241-50.
Lutfiyya MN, Cumba MT, McCullough JE, Barlow EL, Lipsky MS: Disparities in adult African American women's knowledge of heart attack and stroke symptomatology: an analysis of 2003-2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2008, 17 (5): 805-13.
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What causes heart attack?
A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, usually by a blood clot.
This prevents oxygen and nutrients from reaching the heart muscle, causing the heart cells to die.
The most common cause of a heart attack is coronary artery disease (CAD), which is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to the buildup of plaque.
Plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, and other materials in the blood.
Risk factors for CAD and heart attack include:
1. High blood pressure
2. High cholesterol
3. Diabetes
4. Smoking
5. Obesity
6. Family history of heart disease
7. Sedentary lifestyle
8. Unhealthy diet
9. Stress
10.
Age (risk increases with age)
11.
Gender (men are at higher risk than women)
It is important to note that not all heart attacks are caused by the same factors, and some may occur without any known risk factors.
However, addressing and managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of having a heart attack.
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