El cancro ai polmoni vien diagnosticà co na conbinasion de prove e procedure, che pol includer:
1. Storia medica e esame fisico: El dotor te farà domande sui sintomi, storia de fumo e storia familiare de cancro ai polmoni.
I farà anca un esame fisico pa controłar eventuałi segni deła małatia.
2. Esami de imaging: i raggi X del torace e e tomografie computerizade (CT) xe comunemente usae pa crear imagini detajae dei polmoni e dełe struture intorno.
Sti esami pol jutar a catar anormałità, come tumori o noduli, che pol indicar ła presenza de cancro ai polmoni.
3. Citologia deła catarro: un campion de catarro (muco tossìo dai polmoni) el vien esaminà al microscopio par sercar cellule cancerose.
4. Biopsia: un campion de tessudo polmonare el vien tolto e esaminà col microscopio pa determinar se ghe xe cellule cancerose.
Questo se pol far co na broncoscopia, na biopsia co l'ago o na biopsia chirurgica.
5. Broncoscopia: un tubo sottiłe e iluminà co na fotocamera el vien inserìo pal naso o pała boca e el va in gola pa esaminar łe vie respiratorie e i polmoni.
Sta procedura ła pol anca esar usada pa racołer campioni de tesùo pa ła biopsia.
6. Aspirasion co ago fin (FNA): un ago fin el vien inserìo nel nodulo o massa polmonare pa racołere un campion de sèłułe pa l'esame.
7. Torasentexi: el fluido vien tolto dal spasio tra i polmoni e ła parete toracica usando un ago, e el fluido vien poi esaminà par vedar se ghe xe cellule cancerose.
8. Esami del sangue: Anche se i esami del sangue da soli no i pol diagnosticar el cancro ai polmoni, i pol jutar a determinar ła salute del pasiente e identificar eventuałi anomalie che łe pol indicar ła presenza de cancro.
9. Scansione ossea, MRI, PET scan e altri esami: Sti esami i pol esar usài pa determinar se el cancro se ga sparso in altre parti del corpo.
Na volta che el cancro ai polmoni xe stà diagnosticà, se pol far altri esami par determinar el stadio del cancro, che el giuta a guidàr łe decixion sul tratamento.
Sti esami i pol includer altri esami de imaging, come na tomografia computerixada del zervel, na scansion ossea o na tomografia a emission de positroni (PET).
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How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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