L'orticaria, conosùa anca come orticaria, xe na condision deła pełe caraterixada da l'aparensa de verghe rosse, pruriginose e gonfie suła pełe.
Ła pol essar causà da na varietà de fatori, includendo reazioni allergiche, infezioni e serti medeghi.
Ła diagnosi de l'orticaria ła coinvolge na conbinasion de storia mèdega, esame fisico e a volte esami de laboratorio.
1. Storia medica: El dotor el gavarà domande suła storia medica del pasiente, includendo eventuałi ałergie conosue, malatie recenti e medexine ciapà.
I te farà anca domande su quando i sintomi xe scominsiài, su quanto tempo i dura e su eventuali cause.
2. Esame fisico: El dotor ga da esaminar a pele par vedar se ghe xe dei segni, ła so grandesa e ła so distribusion.
I pol anca controlar se ghe xe altri segni de reazion ałegica, come gonfior del viso, dei labbri o dea lengua.
3. Esami de laboratorio: in serti casi, el dotore el pol ordinar esami del sangue pa controłar ła presenza de ałergie o infesion.
I test cutanei, come un test cutaneo o un patch test, i pol anca esar fati pa identificar specifici ałergeni.
4. Test de ałergia: se el dotor sospeta na reaxion ałergica, el pol mandar el pasiente a un ałergista pa altri test.
Questo pol includer test de puntura deła pele, test de patch o esami del sangue pa identificare specifici ałergeni.
5. Diagnosi diferensiàe: El dotor gavarà anca considerà altre posibiłi cause dei sintomi, come altre condision deła pełe o condision mèdeghe naseste, e el podarà ordinar altri esami par escludarle.
6. Prove de provocasion: nei casi de orticaria fisica, dove l'orticaria xe provocada da stimołi fisici come el caldo, el fredo o ła presion, el dotor pol far na prova de provocasion pa confermar a diagnosi.
Questo vol dir esar esposti ała pele ała roba sospeta par vedar se ghe xe na reazion.
7. Esami autoimuni: Nei casi de orticaria cronica, el dotore pol ordinar esami pa controłar disturbi autoimuni, parché questi a volte i pol causar ła condision.
8. Esami de imaging: In casi rari, i esami de imaging come i raggi X o a tomografia computerizada i pol esser ordinadi pa escludare altre condision che pol causar sintomi simiłi.
In generale, diagnosticar l'orticaria implica na combinassiòn de storia medica, esame fisico e a volte esami de laboratorio.
L'obietivo xe de identificar ła causa fondamentałe e determinare el mejo tratamento pa'l pasiente.
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Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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