Wɔhwehwɛ ahrawa mu kokoram mu denam nhwehwɛmu ne nneyɛe ahorow a ebetumi aka yi so:
1. Akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm ne nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu: Dɔkota no bebisa wo wo yare ho nsɛnkyerɛnne, sigaretnom ho abakɔsɛm, ne kokoram a ɛwɔ wo abusua mu ho nsɛm.
Wɔbɛsan ayɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu ahwɛ sɛ ebia yare no ho nsɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
2. Mfonini mu nhwehwɛmu: Mpɛn pii no, wɔde ntini mu mfonini (X-rays) ne kɔmputa so mfoni (CT) na ɛyɛ ahrawa ne nneɛma a atwa ho ahyia ho mfonini.
Nhwehwɛmu yi betumi aboa ma wɔahu nneɛma bi a ɛmfata te sɛ kokoram anaa ntini bi a ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ woanya ahrawa mu kokoram.
3. Ntontom mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete (microscope) hwehwɛ ntontom (nneɛma a ɛtwe mframa ba wo ahrawa mu) mu hwɛ sɛ ebia kokoram nkwammoaa bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
4. Akwaa a wɔde hwehwɛ biribi mu: Wonya ntini bi fi ahurututu mu na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete (microscope) hwɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa bi wɔ mu anaa.
Wobetumi ayɛ eyi denam ade a wɔde hwehwɛ ntini mu, paane a wɔde paane yɛ mu, anaa oprehyɛn mu.
5. Bronchoscopy: Wɔde afiri ketewa bi a kanea wom a afiri a wɔde twa ade hyɛ mu fa hwene anaa ano mu kɔ menewa mu kɔhwɛ mframa a ɛbɔ fa ntini mu ne ahurututu mu.
Wobetumi de saa kwan yi so nso asae honam dua ho nneɛma de ayɛ oprehyɛn.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): Wɔde paane ketewa bi hyɛ ahurututu no mu fa gye nkwammoaa de yɛ nhwehwɛmu.
7. Thoracentesis: Wɔde paane yi nsu fi baabi a ɛda ahurututu ne koko no ntam no, na afei wɔhwehwɛ nsu no mu hwɛ sɛ ebia kokoram nkwammoaa bi wɔ mu anaa.
8. Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Ɛwom sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu nkutoo ntumi nhu ahrawa mu kokoram de, nanso ebetumi aboa ma wɔahu ɔyarefo no akwahosan ne nneɛma foforo biara a ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ ɔwɔ kokoram.
9. Bone scan, MRI, pet scan, ne nhwehwɛmu afoforo: Wobetumi de nhwehwɛmu yi ahu sɛ kokoram no atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã foforo anaa.
Sɛ wonya hu sɛ woanya ahrawa mu kokoram a, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de ahu kokoram no mu yare ko a ɛwɔ mu, na aboa ma wɔahu ayaresa a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ma wo.
Saa nhwehwɛmu yi betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu pii te sɛ amemene mu CT scan, nnompe mu scan, anaa positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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['Abɔdin: ayaresa']
['Wɔayɛ wɛbsaet yi sɛ wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ na wɔnka ho asɛm kɛkɛ, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde ayaresa ho afotu anaa adwumakuw bi mmoa rema.']
['Ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde nsɛm a wɔde ama no di dwuma de hwehwɛ yare anaa yare bi ho ayaresa, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔrehwehwɛ ayaresa ho afotu no ne oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ tumi krataa di nkitaho.']
['Yɛsrɛ wo hyɛ no nsow sɛ amemene no mu mfiri a ɛma nsɛmmisa ho mmuae no nyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ bere a ɛfa akontaahyɛde ho no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa dodow a wɔanya yare pɔtee bi.']
["Hwehwɛ afotu fi wo dɔkota anaa ayaresafo a wɔfata hɔ bere biara wɔ yareɛ ho. Nnyae ayaresa ho afotuo a wɔn a wɔn ho akokwaw de ma no ho adwenemu anaa twentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ worebɛhwehwɛ esiane biribi a woakenkan wɔ wɛbsaet yi so nti. Sɛ ɛyɛ wo sɛ wowɔ yareɛ ho nsɛmmisa a, frɛ 911 anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo pɛɛ ntɛm ara. Saa wɛbsaet yi anaa dwuma a wode di no mma wonnya oduruyɛfo ne ɔyarefo ayɔnkofa biara. BioMedLib anaa n'adwumayɛfoɔ anaa obiara a ɔde ne ho bɔ wɛbsaet yi ho dawuro biara nni mu, a ɛkyerɛ anaa enni mu, fa nsɛm a wɔde ama wɔ ha anaa dwuma a wɔde di no ho."]
['Disclaimer: copyright']
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['Sɛ wogye di sɛ wo nsɛm anaa nneɛma bi a ɛwɔ yɛn wɛbsaet anaa yɛn dwumadie mu no to wo mmara a woahyehyɛ no so a, wo (anaa wo dwumadifoɔ) bɛtumi de nkaebɔ ama yɛn de apɛ sɛ yɛyi nsɛm anaa nneɛma no firi hɔ anaa yɛsi ho kwan.']
["Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nkaebɔ fa e-mail so kɔma wɔn (hwɛ 'Contact' section ma e-mail address)."]
['DMCA hwehwɛ sɛ wo dawurubɔ a ɛfa mmara a obi abu so ho no de nsɛm a edidi so yi ka ho: (1) nkyerɛwde a ɛkyerɛ adwuma a mmara bɔ ho ban a obi abu so no; (2) nsɛm a wɔkyerɛ sɛ obi abu so no ne ɛho nsɛm a ɛfata a ɛbɛma yɛahunu faako a saa nsɛm no wɔ; (3) wo nkitahodi ho nsɛm, a wo address, fon number ne email ka ho; (4) krataa a woakyerɛ sɛ wowɔ gyidie pa sɛ nea woabɔ ho dawuru no nni mmara no wura anaa nea ɔhwɛ so anaa mmara biara tumi mu.']
['(5) sɛ wo de wo nsa ahyɛ krataa ase, na wohyɛ sɛ wobedi atoro, sɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ krataa no mu yɛ nokware, na wowɔ tumi sɛ wode wo nsa bɛka nneɛma a obi akyerɛw abrɛ wo ase no;']
["و (6) physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf."]
['Sɛ woantwerɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ soro yi nyinaa amfiri wo nkrataa no mu a, ɛbɛtumi ama wo kyɛfa no akyɛ.']
['Nkitahodi']
['Yɛsrɛ wo, fa nsɛmmisa anaa nyansahyɛ biara fa e-mail so brɛ yɛn.']
How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
Disclaimer: medical
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Disclaimer: copyright
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