Nneɛma pii na ɛma obi nya nufu mu kokoram, ebi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi ayɛ ho biribi, ebi nso wɔ hɔ a wontumi nyɛ.
Nneɛma a etumi de yare ba no bi na edidi so yi:
1. Mfe a obi adi: Sɛ obi nyin a, ɛma otumi nya nufu mu kokoram, na mmea a wɔadi boro mfe 50 na wonya bi.
2. Abusua mu abakɔsɛm: Sɛ wowɔ obusuani bi a ɔbɛn wo paa, te sɛ wo maame, wo nuabea, anaa wo babea a ɔwɔ nufu mu kokoram a, ebetumi ama woanya bi.
3. Awosu mu nsakrae: Awosu mu nsakrae bi te sɛ BRCA1 ne BRCA2 ma kokoram tumi ka obi.
4. Awo ho abakɔsɛm: Sɛ obi fi ase nya brayɛ ntɛm, sɛ obi twa bra ntɛm, na sɛ onni mma anaa ɔwo bere a wadi boro mfe 30 a, ebetumi ama ne yare no ayɛ kɛse.
5. Ayaresa a wɔde si nipadua mu nkwammoaa ananmu: Sɛ obi di estrogen ne progesterone nnuru a wɔde si nipadua mu nkwammoaa ananmu bere tenten wɔ brayɛ akyi a, ebetumi ama yare no ayɛ kɛse.
6. Mmosa nom: Mmosa nom ma kokoram tumi ka obi.
7. Nsõ ne kɛse a obi boro so: Sɛ obi yɛ kɛse boro so anaa ne so yɛ duru boro so a, ɛma asiane no yɛ kɛse, titiriw bere a watwa bra no.
8. Apɔw mu a obi teɛ: Apɔw mu a obi nteɛ betumi ama yare no ayɛ kɛse.
9. Radiation exposure: Sɛ obi nya radiation pii, titiriw wɔ ne mmofraase a, ebetumi ama yare no ayɛ kɛse.
10. Nufu mu duru: Mmea a wɔn nufu mu yɛ duru no betumi anya nufu mu kokoram.
11. Ɛsram a ɛbae: Mmea a wofii ase nyaa bra ntɛm (ansa na wɔadi mfe 12) anaa wɔn a wotwaa bra ntɛm (wɔadi mfe 55) no betumi anya yare no bi.
12. Nufu a wɔde ma: Mmea a wɔnnii nufu da no wɔ nufu mu kokoram ho asiane kakra.
Ɛho hia sɛ wohyɛ no nsow sɛ sɛ wowɔ nneɛma a ebetumi ama woanya kokoram no bi anaa nea ɛboro saa a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ obi benya nufu mu kokoram ɔkwan biara so, na sɛ wonni biribiara a ebetumi ama woanya kokoram no a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ obi rennya nufu mu kokoram.
Nanso, saa nneɛma yi a ebetumi ama obi anya yare no ho nimdeɛ betumi aboa no ma wasi gyinae pa wɔ n'apɔwmuden ho na watumi atew yare no so.
Wung SF, Hepworth JT, Sparenga D, Merkle CJ: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015, 42 (5): E330-8.
Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.
Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.
Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.
Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.
Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.
['Abɔdin: ayaresa']
['Wɔayɛ wɛbsaet yi sɛ wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ na wɔnka ho asɛm kɛkɛ, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde ayaresa ho afotu anaa adwumakuw bi mmoa rema.']
['Ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde nsɛm a wɔde ama no di dwuma de hwehwɛ yare anaa yare bi ho ayaresa, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔrehwehwɛ ayaresa ho afotu no ne oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ tumi krataa di nkitaho.']
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["Hwehwɛ afotu fi wo dɔkota anaa ayaresafo a wɔfata hɔ bere biara wɔ yareɛ ho. Nnyae ayaresa ho afotuo a wɔn a wɔn ho akokwaw de ma no ho adwenemu anaa twentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ worebɛhwehwɛ esiane biribi a woakenkan wɔ wɛbsaet yi so nti. Sɛ ɛyɛ wo sɛ wowɔ yareɛ ho nsɛmmisa a, frɛ 911 anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo pɛɛ ntɛm ara. Saa wɛbsaet yi anaa dwuma a wode di no mma wonnya oduruyɛfo ne ɔyarefo ayɔnkofa biara. BioMedLib anaa n'adwumayɛfoɔ anaa obiara a ɔde ne ho bɔ wɛbsaet yi ho dawuro biara nni mu, a ɛkyerɛ anaa enni mu, fa nsɛm a wɔde ama wɔ ha anaa dwuma a wɔde di no ho."]
['Disclaimer: copyright']
["Digital Millennium Copyright Act a w'atwe no afe 1998 wɔ U.S. Mmara 17 § 512 (DMCA) no ma wɔn a w'wɔ tumi sɛ wɔtwe wɔn ho fi nneɛma a wɔde agu intanɛt so ho kwan."]
['Sɛ wogye di sɛ wo nsɛm anaa nneɛma bi a ɛwɔ yɛn wɛbsaet anaa yɛn dwumadie mu no to wo mmara a woahyehyɛ no so a, wo (anaa wo dwumadifoɔ) bɛtumi de nkaebɔ ama yɛn de apɛ sɛ yɛyi nsɛm anaa nneɛma no firi hɔ anaa yɛsi ho kwan.']
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['DMCA hwehwɛ sɛ wo dawurubɔ a ɛfa mmara a obi abu so ho no de nsɛm a edidi so yi ka ho: (1) nkyerɛwde a ɛkyerɛ adwuma a mmara bɔ ho ban a obi abu so no; (2) nsɛm a wɔkyerɛ sɛ obi abu so no ne ɛho nsɛm a ɛfata a ɛbɛma yɛahunu faako a saa nsɛm no wɔ; (3) wo nkitahodi ho nsɛm, a wo address, fon number ne email ka ho; (4) krataa a woakyerɛ sɛ wowɔ gyidie pa sɛ nea woabɔ ho dawuru no nni mmara no wura anaa nea ɔhwɛ so anaa mmara biara tumi mu.']
['(5) sɛ wo de wo nsa ahyɛ krataa ase, na wohyɛ sɛ wobedi atoro, sɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ krataa no mu yɛ nokware, na wowɔ tumi sɛ wode wo nsa bɛka nneɛma a obi akyerɛw abrɛ wo ase no;']
["و (6) physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf."]
['Sɛ woantwerɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ soro yi nyinaa amfiri wo nkrataa no mu a, ɛbɛtumi ama wo kyɛfa no akyɛ.']
['Nkitahodi']
['Yɛsrɛ wo, fa nsɛmmisa anaa nyansahyɛ biara fa e-mail so brɛ yɛn.']
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.
Here are some of the most common risk factors:
1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.
8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.
However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.
Disclaimer: medical
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Disclaimer: copyright
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