Urticaria, iyishibikwa no kuti utushishi, bulwele bwa pa mubili ubulenga imishipa iya kashika, iya kulaluka, no kufimba pa mubili.
Kuti kwacitika pa mulandu wa fintu ifingi, pamo nga ukukaana umuti, amalwele, no kubomfya imiti imo imo.
Pa kwishiba nga umuntu ali no bu bulwele, pa kubala balapima ifyo umubili wakwe wali, e lyo limo balapima ne fyaba mu fipatala.
1. Ubulwele bwa kale: Dokota kuti aipusha pa bulwele bwa kale ubo mulwele alwala, ukubikako no kuti alwalako fimo, nelyo alwalako nomba line, e lyo na pa miti iyo alebomfya.
Na kabili kuti baipusha umwana ilyo aishibe ukuti ali no kulalwala, ifyo cali pa kuti abe no kulalwala, e lyo ne cilengele.
2. Ukuceeceeta umubili: Dokota akaceeceeta pa kuti amone nga pali ifilonda, ubukulu bwa fiko, no ko fyabela.
Na kabili kuti bamupima nga ca kuti alwala, nalimo kuti amona ukuti icinso, akanwa, nelyo ululimi lwalilwala.
3. Ukupimwa kwa mu cipatala: Limo limo, badokota kuti bapima umulopa pa kuti bamone nga ca kuti umuntu alwala nelyo alwala.
Ukupimwa kwa pa mubili, pamo nga ukupimwa kwa pa mubili nelyo ukupimwa kwa pa mubili, na ko kuti kwacitwa pa kwishiba ifilenga umuntu ukukaana ifya kulya fimo.
4. Ukupimwa kwa kucincintila: Nga ca kuti badokota batunganya ukuti umuntu kuti alwala, kuti bamutwala ku dokota wa kucincintila pa kuti bamupime na kabili.
Ici kuti caba kupima kwa kuicena pa mubili, ukupimisha pa mubili, nelyo ukupimisha umulopa pa kuti mwishibe ifilenga umuntu ukufulwa.
5. Ukuishiba icilengele: Dokota kuti amona ne filenga ukuti umuntu alwale, pamo nga amalwele yambi aya pa mubili nelyo amalwele yambi, kabili kuti apima no kwishiba nga ca kuti alwala.
6. Ukufwailisha kwa kucincintila: Nga ca kuti umuntu ali no bulwele bwa kucincintila, e kutila ubulwele bwaba pa mulandu wa kukaba, ukutanta, nelyo ukufinininwa, dokota kuti amupima pa kuti ashininkishe ukuti ubulwele bwaliko.
Pa kuti umuntu aleka ukufulwa, afwile ukulaswa pa mubili pa kuti amone nga ca kuti aleka ukufulwa.
7. Ukufwailisha pa malwele ya mu mubili: Nga ca kuti umuntu ali no bulwele bwa mu mubili ubushipola, badokota kuti bamupima pa kuti beshibe nga ca kuti alwala ubulwele bwa mu mubili ubushipola, pantu limo ubu bulwele bulalenga umuntu ukulalwala.
8. Ukufwailisha pa fyo umuntu alemoneka: Mu nshita shimo, badokota kuti bapima umuntu pa fyo alemoneka ukubomfya fimashini pamo nga X-ray nelyo CT scan pa kuti bashininkishe ukuti takwali ubulwele bumbi ubwalenga umuntu alemoneka kwati alilwala.
Mu kukonkapo, pa kwishiba ubulwele bwa urticaria, umuntu afwile ukwishiba ifyo ubulwele bwakwe bwaba, ukuceeceeta umubili, e lyo limo no kuceeceeta mu fipatala.
Ico bafwaya ukwishiba icilenga ubulwele no kwishiba ifyo bengabupwisha.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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