4. Biopsy: Sablon jaringan paru-paru dicopot dan diperiksa di bawah mikroskop untuk menentukan apakah sel-sel kanker ada. 4. Biopsy: Sablon jaringan paru-paru dicopot dan diperiksa di bawah mikroskop untuk menentukan apakah sel-sel kanker ada. 4. Biopsy: Sablon jaringan paru-paru dicopot dan diperiksa di bawah mikroskop untuk menentukan apakah sel-sel kanker ada.
9. اسكن استخوان، ام آر آي، اسكن حيوانات، و آزمايشات ديگر: اين آزمايشات ممكن است براي تشخيص اينكه آيا سرطان به قسمتهاي ديگر بدن گسترش يافته است، مورد استفاده قرار گيرد.
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Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
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Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
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['(5) بيانيه اي از طرف شما، با امضاي شما تحت مجازات شهادت دروغين، که اطلاعات در اطلاعيه دقيق است و شما اختيار داريد حقوق كپي رايت را كه ادعا مي شود نقض شده است، اجرا كنيد؛']
['ڠڬوناكن ڤڠڬوناءن حق ڤنوليس اتاو اورڠ يڠ دڤرلوكن اونتوق مڠڬوناكن ڤڠڬوناءن حق ڤنوليس.']
['Tulung kirimi kami surel dengan apa jua pertanyaan/cadangan.']
How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
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