فاكتور-فاكتور ngini kawa mambawai ka disfungsi wan kamatian neuron, labih maningkatakan proses panyakit.
Secara keseluruhan, patofisiologi AD adalah interaksi kompleks dari beberapa faktor yang akhirnya mengarah pada penurunan progresif fungsi kognitif dan kehilangan memori yang menjadi ciri khas penyakit.
Nemeroff CB: The preeminent role of neuropeptide systems in the early pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease: up with corticotropin-releasing factor, down with acetylcholine. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999, 56 (11): 991-2.
Proft J, Weiss N: Jekyll and Hide: The two faces of amyloid β. Commun Integr Biol. 2012, 5 (5): 405-7.
Whitehouse PJ, Hedreen JC, White CL, Price DL: Basal forebrain neurons in the dementia of Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol. 1983, 13 (3): 243-8.
Casadesus G, Moreira PI, Nunomura A, Siedlak SL, Bligh-Glover W, Balraj E, Petot G, Smith MA, Perry G: Indices of metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress. Neurochem Res. , 32 (4-5): 717-22.
Candore G, Bulati M, Caruso C, Castiglia L, Colonna-Romano G, Di Bona D, Duro G, Lio D, Matranga D, Pellicanò M, Rizzo C, Scapagnini G, Vasto S: Inflammation, cytokines, immune response, apolipoprotein E, cholesterol, and oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease: therapeutic implications. Rejuvenation Res. , 13 (2-3): 301-13.
['Slalu seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. Amun ikam marasa ikam mungkin baisi kaadaan darurat medis, hubungi 911 atawa tulak ka ruang gawat darurat terdekat langsung. Kadada hubungan dokter-pasien nang diulah ulih situs web ngini atawa pamakaiannya. BioMedLib atawa pagawai-pagawai na, atawa sapalih kontributor ka situs web ngini, kada maulah representasi, eksplisit atawa implisit, dengan hormat ka informasi nang disadiakan di sini atawa pamakaiannya.']
['ڤڠاجرن: حق ڤنوليس']
['Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) ممبري ڤڠاجرن كڤد ڤڠڬونا حق ڤنوليسن يڠ مڠڬنتيكن ماتريال يڠ دڤرچايا?? ي د انتارنيت مڠڬوناكن حقڽ دالم ڤرلمباڬان حق ڤنوليسن اميريكا.']
['(5) بيانيه اي از طرف شما، با امضاي شما تحت مجازات شهادت دروغين، که اطلاعات در اطلاعيه دقيق است و شما اختيار داريد حقوق كپي رايت را كه ادعا مي شود نقض شده است، اجرا كنيد؛']
['ڠڬوناكن ڤڠڬوناءن حق ڤنوليس اتاو اورڠ يڠ دڤرلوكن اونتوق مڠڬوناكن ڤڠڬوناءن حق ڤنوليس.']
['Tulung kirimi kami surel dengan apa jua pertanyaan/cadangan.']
What is pathophysiology of alzheimer?
The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex process that involves the accumulation of abnormal proteins, inflammation, and neuronal dysfunction.
The two main hallmarks of AD are the presence of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain.
Amyloid-beta plaques are formed when fragments of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) are cleaved by enzymes to form Aβ peptides.
These peptides aggregate and form insoluble fibrils that accumulate outside neurons, disrupting cell-to-cell communication and leading to neuronal death.
The accumulation of Aβ plaques is thought to be one of the earliest events in the development of AD, and it is believed to contribute to the neurodegenerative process.
Neurofibrillary tangles are formed when the protein tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and forms abnormal filaments inside neurons.
These tangles disrupt the normal functioning of the microtubules, which are essential for the transport of nutrients and other materials within the neuron.
The tangles eventually lead to the death of the affected neurons.
Inflammation also plays a role in the pathophysiology of AD.
The immune system responds to the accumulation of Aβ plaques and NFTs by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can exacerbate the damage to neurons.
Additionally, there is evidence that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired glucose metabolism contribute to the pathophysiology of AD.
These factors can lead to neuronal dysfunction and death, further exacerbating the disease process.
Overall, the pathophysiology of AD is a complex interplay of multiple factors that ultimately lead to the progressive decline in cognitive function and memory loss that characterizes the disease.
Disclaimer: medical
This web site is provided for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute providing medical advice or professional services.
The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician.
Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. No physician-patient relationship is created by this web site or its use. Neither BioMedLib nor its employees, nor any contributor to this web site, makes any representations, express or implied, with respect to the information provided herein or to its use.
Disclaimer: copyright
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the “DMCA”) provides recourse for copyright owners who believe that material appearing on the Internet infringes their rights under U.S. copyright law. If you believe in good faith that any content or material made available in connection with our website or services infringes your copyright, you (or your agent) may send us a notice requesting that the content or material be removed, or access to it blocked. Notices must be sent in writing by email (see 'Contact' section for email address) . The DMCA requires that your notice of alleged copyright infringement include the following information: (1) description of the copyrighted work that is the subject of claimed infringement; (2) description of the alleged infringing content and information sufficient to permit us to locate the content; (3) contact information for you, including your address, telephone number and email address; (4) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the content in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, or its agent, or by the operation of any law; (5) a statement by you, signed under penalty of perjury, that the information in the notification is accurate and that you have the authority to enforce the copyrights that are claimed to be infringed; and (6) a physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf. Failure to include all of the above information may result in the delay of the processing of your complaint.
