Käk tuany de cuäŋ cɔl 'Prostate cancer' aye jam në kä ye kek looi ku jɔl ya tɛ̈n ye kek röt luɔɔi thïn ago tuanytuɛɛny ya lac juak.
Prostate cancer ee tuany rac apɛi ye rot looi në tuanytuɛɛny tɔ̈ në tuanytuɛɛny cɔl prostate gland yic, man ye tɔ̈ ke kor apɛi, ku ka tɔ̈ në tuanytuɛɛny cɔl walnut-shaped organ yic, tɔ̈ në tuanytuɛɛny cɔl bladder yic tënë röör.
Prostate gland ee wɛl cɔl seminal fluid looi, ku yen ee wɛl cɔl sperm cɔk tɔ̈u ku jɔl ya tɛ̈n yenë kek cath thïn.
Kë ye tuaany de prostate cancer bɛ̈i acïï nyic apuɔth, ku ka nɔŋ kä juëc lëu bïk tuanytuɛny ya juak.
Kän anɔŋic run, akököl de baai, kuɛɛt, ku jɔl ya kä kɔ̈k peei ye röt waar në mïïth yiic.
Tuanyë prostate cancer ee lac yök röör nɔŋ run dït, ku kɔc juïc aye tuany në röör nɔŋ run ke 65.
Kë juɛ̈c, röör nɔŋ ruääi nɔŋ tuany de prostate cancer aye kek juak në kë de tuany kënë yic, cïmën de röör ke African American ku jɔl ya röör ke Caribbean.
Kë ye cɔl 'pathophysiology of prostate cancer' ee cil ku tek ë cells cïï lëu bï ya mac në tuany de prostate yic.
Kän alëu bï rot ya looi në kë de genetic mutations man ye kä ye cil cɔk loi röt apɛi ka bï genes ye cil cɔk cïï lui.
Kä cï röt waar käk alëu bïk cil ke cïï röt ye gël, ku bïk tuanytuɛɛny bɛ̈i.
Na cï tuany dït, ka lëu bï ya lɔ në guɔ̈p tɔ̈ thïn, cïmën de tuanytuɛɛny ke cuäŋ, rectum, ku jɔl ya lymph nodes tɔ̈ thïn.
Në thɛɛr kɔ̈k yiic, ke tuanytuɛɛny alëu bïk röt ya tɛ̈ɛ̈k bei në tuanytuɛɛny tɔ̈ në guɔ̈p yic ku lek në ɣän kɔ̈k yiic në riɛm yic ka lymphatic system yic, man ye cɔl'metastasis'.
Na cï tuany cancer lɔ dööc, ka ril yic bë yiök.
Kän de tuany de prostate alëu bï ya naŋ kë ye rot looi në hormones yiic, ku ye rot looi në hormone de testosterone yic.
Testosterone alëu bï cil de tuany de prostate cancer ya cɔk loi rot, ku kuɛɛr juëc ke akïïm benë tuany de prostate cancer ya kony aye naŋ kë bïk ciin de hormone ya cɔk tɔ̈ piiny ku bïk kä ye kek looi ya cɔk pëën.
Në ye mɛn ke pathophysiology de tuanyë prostate cancer ee yic naŋ cil cïï lëu bï ya mac ku tek ë ciin de cells në tuany de prostate yic, man lëu bï ya naŋ kä ye kek cɔk loi röt, cïmën de genetic, hormonal, ku jɔl ya kä ye kek liääp në kek.
Ŋic de kä ye tuaany looi apuɔth ago kä ye kɔc kony ya looi ku bï kä ye kɔc tuany tuany de prostate cancer yök ya juakic.
Zobniw CM, Causebrook A, Fong MK: Clinical use of abiraterone in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol. 2014, 6 (): 97-105.
Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
Nelson JB, Hedican SP, George DJ, Reddi AH, Piantadosi S, Eisenberger MA, Simons JW: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (9): 944-9.
Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
Kotani K, Sekine Y, Ishikawa S, Ikpot IZ, Suzuki K, Remaley AT: High-density lipoprotein and prostate cancer: an overview. J Epidemiol. 2013, 23 (5): 313-9.
Jadvar H: Molecular imaging of prostate cancer: a concise synopsis. Mol Imaging. , 8 (2): 56-64.
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What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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