Urtikaria, eisini kent sum búkilska, er ein húðtrupulleiki, sum hevur við sær, at reyð, kløðandi og hovin sár koma á húðina.
Tað kann standast av ymiskum, eitt nú ovurviðkvæmi, infektiónum og ávísum heilivági.
Til at staðfesta, um ein hevur urtikaria, krevst at sjúklingurin hevur eina sjúkueyðkenni, at hann verður kannaður og viðhvørt eisini at hann fær kannað seg í royndarstovu.
1. Sjúkueyðkenni: Læknin spyr um sjúkueyðkenni, eitt nú um ein hevur havt nakrar kendar allergiir, hevur verið sjúkur fyri stuttum og hevur tikið heilivág.
Tey spyrja eisini nær sjúkueyðkennini byrjaðu, hvussu leingi tey vara og hvat kann hava elvt til tey.
2. Læknakanning: Læknin kannar húðina fyri at vita, um tað eru sár, hvussu stór tey eru og hvar tey eru.
Eisini kann tað vera, at tú hevur onnur tekin um ovurviðkvæmi, til dømis at andlitið, varrarnar ella tungan hovna.
3. Laboratoriukanningar: Í summum førum kann læknin geva boð um blóðroyndir fyri at kanna, um tú hevur ovurviðkvæmi ella hevur fingið smittuna.
Húðroyndir, sum ein húðprikroynd ella plásturroynd, kunnu eisini verða gjørdar fyri at staðfesta ávísar allergenir.
4. Allergi kanningar: Um læknin hevur illgruna um eina allergiska reaktión, kann hann vísa sjúklinginum til ein allergolog fyri at fáa kannað hann nærri.
Hetta kann vera prikroyndir, plásturroyndir ella blóðroyndir fyri at finna ávísar allergielvandi evni.
5. At gera eina diagnosu: Læknin skal eisini kanna aðrar møguligar orsøkir til sjúkueyðkennini, til dømis aðrar húðtrupulleikar ella sjúkueyðkenni, og kann geva boð um at gera fleiri kanningar fyri at útiloka hesar.
6. Provokatiónstestir: Tá ið talan er um fysiska nátasjúku, har búkurin verður útloystur av fysiskum stimbrandi evnum sum hita, kulda ella trýsti, kann læknin gera eina provokatiónstest fyri at staðfesta diagnosuna.
Hetta inniber, at tú leggur húðina í samband við tað, sum tú heldur kann elva til strongd, fyri at vita, um hon reagerar.
7. Autoimmunar kanningar: Tá ið talan er um kroniska nátasjúku, kann læknin viðgera sjúkuna fyri at kanna, um talan er um autoimmunar sjúkur, tí tað kann onkuntíð vera hesar, sum eru orsøkin.
8. Myndatøku: Í heilt fáum førum kann tað verða neyðugt at taka røntgen ella CT-skanning fyri at kanna, um onnur sjúkueyðkenni eru, sum kunnu elva til líknandi sjúkueyðkenni.
Í høvuðsheitum snýr tað seg um at staðfesta, um ein hevur urtikaria, við at kanna sjúkugongdina, kropsliga kanning og viðhvørt eisini við at gera kanningar á kanningarstovum.
Endamálið er at finna fram til orsøkina og finna fram til, hvat er besta viðgerðin fyri sjúklingin.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['Avsakan: sjúkuviðurskifti']
['Henda heimasíðan er bert til undirvísingar og kunningar og er ikki ætlað sum læknalig ráðgeving ella faklig tænasta.']
['Upplýsingarnar eiga ikki at verða nýttar til at staðfesta ella viðgera nakran heilsutrupulleika ella sjúku, og tey, sum ynskja persónliga læknahjálp, eiga at venda sær til ein autoriseraðan lækna.']
['Gev gætur, at tað neuronala netið, sum gevur svar uppá spurningarnar, er serliga skeivt, tá ið talan er um talgilda innihaldið, t.d. talið av fólki, sum hava fingið staðfest eina ávísa sjúku.']
['Spyr altíð læknan ella annan skikkaðan heilsuhjálpara um ráðgeving í sambandi við sjúku. Vanvirð ongantíð professionella læknaráðgeving ella drála við at leita eftir henni vegna okkurt, tú hevur lisið á hesi heimasíðu.']
['Avsakan: upphavsrættur']
['Digital Millennium Copyright Act frá 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) gevur rætt til at kæra til rættindahavarar, sum halda, at tilfar, sum kemur á internetið, brýtur teirra rættindi sambært amerikanskum lógum um upphavsrætt. ']
['Um tú í góðari trúgv heldur, at eitthvørt innihald ella tilfar, sum er gjørt tøkt í sambandi við okkara heimasíðu ella tænastur, brýtur tíni upphavsrættindi, kanst tú (ella tín umboðsmaður) senda okkum eina fráboðan, har tú biður um, at innihaldið ella tilfarið verður tikið burtur ella atgongdin til tað verður sperrað.']
['Tilmeldingarnar skulu verða skrivligar við telduposti (sí "Kontakt" fyri teldupostadressu).']
['DMCA krevur, at fráboðan um meint brot á upphavsrættin skal innihalda hesar upplýsingar: (1) lýsing av tí upphavsrættarliga verkinum, sum talan er um, (2) lýsing av tí meinta brot á upphavsrættin og upplýsingar, sum eru nøktandi til at vit kunnu finna innihaldið (3) upplýsingar um teg, t.d. tín bústað, telefonnummar og teldupostbústað (4) eina váttan frá tær um, at tú í góðari trúgv heldur, at innihaldið, sum tú klagar um, ikki er loyvt av rættindahavanum ella umboði hansara ella sambært lóggávu']
['5) eina váttan frá tær, undirskrivað undir revsing fyri lygi, um, at upplýsingarnar í fráboðanini eru rættar, og at tú hevur heimild at gera galdandi upphavsrættin, sum verður hildin at vera brotin,']
['og 6) fysiska ella elektroniska undirskrift hjá rættindahavara ella persóni, sum hevur loyvi at virka fyri rættindahavara.']
['Um tú ikki hevur upplýst allar omanfyri nevndu upplýsingar, kann tað hava við sær, at viðgerðin av klaguni verður seinkað.']
['Set teg í samband við']
['Vinarliga send okkum ein teldupost við einum hvørjum spurningi/uppskoti.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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