Patofysiologi fyri diabetes vísir til kanning av óregluligu fysiologisku prosessunum, sum føra til menning av diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus er ein bólkur av stoffskiftissjúkum, sum eru eyðkendar av høgum blóðsukri (glukosum), sum er úrslit av breki í insulin- sekretiónini, insulin- virknaðinum ella báðum.
Patofysiologiin í sambandi við diabetes snýr seg um samansett samspæl millum genetiskar, umhvørvisligar og lívsstílstengdar faktorar, sum eru við til at menna sjúkuna.
Hjá typu 1 diabetes hevur patofysiologiin við sær eina autoimuna oyðing av insulinframleiðandi beta- kyknunum í kyknukassanum, sum førir til eina manglandi insulinframleiðslu.
Hetta førir við sær, at blóðsukrið ikki verður regulerað, og hetta førir til hyperglykemi (hækkaðan blóðsukur).
Hjá typu 2 diabetes er patofysiologiin meira kompleks og hevur við sær bæði insulinresistens og skert insulin- sekretión.
Insulinresistensur hendir, tá ið kyknurnar í kroppinum ikki svara insulininum á rættan hátt, og tí ikki kunnu brúka glukosu til orku.
Hetta fær kyknurnar at framleiða meira insulin fyri at royna at vinna á mótstøðuføri, men við tíðini megnar kyknurnar kanska ikki at fylgja við eftirspurninginum, og tað førir til, at insulinframleiðslan minkar.
Graviditetsdiabetes, sum kemur fyri undir graviditetinum, er orsakað av hormonbroytingum, sum elva til insulinresistens.
Eftirburðurin framleiðir hormon, sum kunnu forða insulin at virka, og tað elvir til, at blóðsukrið hækkar.
Patofysiologiin í samband við diabetes hevur eisini við sær, at tað kunnu koma komplikatiónir, so sum skaðar á blóðæðrar, nervar og ílegur, sum kunnu elva til álvarsligar heilsutrupulleikar sum hjartasjúkur, heilabløðing, nýrasjúkur og sjóntrupulleikar.
At skilja patofysiologiina í diabetes hevur stóran týdning fyri at menna effektivar viðgerðir og fyribyrgjandi strategiir fyri hesa kronisku sjúku.
Biochemistry and pathophysiology of diabetes. Proceedings of conference on pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes mellitus. 1990. Mol Cell Biochem. 1992, 109 (2): 97-204.
Surampudi PN, John-Kalarickal J, Fonseca VA: Emerging concepts in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009, 76 (3): 216-26.
Johnson D: Selected pathophysiology of diabetes. Semin Perioper Nurs. 1998, 7 (3): 164-78.
Hirsch IB: The changing faces of diabetes. Prim Care. 2003, 30 (3): 499-510.
Guthrie RA, Guthrie DW: Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Crit Care Nurs Q. , 27 (2): 113-25.
Felig P: Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Med Clin North Am. 1971, 55 (4): 821-34.
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What is pathophysiology of diabetes?
Pathophysiology of diabetes refers to the study of the disordered physiological processes that lead to the development of diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
The pathophysiology of diabetes involves the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that contribute to the development of the disease.
In type 1 diabetes, the pathophysiology involves an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency in insulin production.
This results in an inability to regulate blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
In type 2 diabetes, the pathophysiology is more complex and involves both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
Insulin resistance occurs when the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to an inability to effectively use glucose for energy.
This causes the pancreas to produce more insulin to try to overcome the resistance, but over time, the pancreas may not be able to keep up with the demand, leading to a decrease in insulin production.
Gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, is caused by hormonal changes that lead to insulin resistance.
The placenta produces hormones that can block the action of insulin, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.
The pathophysiology of diabetes also involves the development of complications, such as damage to blood vessels, nerves, and organs, which can lead to serious health problems like heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and vision loss.
Understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes is crucial for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for this chronic disease.
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