E dau dikevi na kenisa ni prostate ena vica na sala, e okati kina:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Ena vakacuruma na vuniwai e dua na nona iqaqalo e vakamamacataki ena waiwai ena nona vakayagataka na liga me tara na prostate.
2. Na vakadidike ni Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA): Oqo e vakadikevi kina na dra me kilai kina na levu ni PSA, na protein e bulia na prostate gland.
Ke tubu na PSA, e rawa ni dusia ni tiko na kenisa ni prostate.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): E dau vakacurumi e dua na misini lailai ena sala ni kete me laurai kina na irairai ni prostate.
Ena rawa ni kilai kina ke tiko na mate ena nona suitu.
4. Biopsy: E dau kau laivi e dua na tikiniyago lailai ni prostate qai dikevi ena iloilo ni vakalevutaki ka me laurai kina na sela ni kenisa.
Oqo na sala duadua ga e rawa ni kilai kina ni tauvi koya na kenisa ni prostate.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Na MRI scan ni prostate e rawa ni kilai kina na ka e sega ni vinaka, qai rawa ni vakayagataki me vakadikevi kina na sela ni yago.
6. Na vakadidike ni gene: E so na vuniwai era na rairai vakayagataka na vakadidike ni gene me kilai kina na kaukaua ni kenisa kei na iwalewale ni kena qaravi.
7. Bone Scan: E rawa ni caka na bone scan me laurai kina ke sa tete na kenisa ina sui.
8. Na CT scan: E rawa ni vakayagataki na CT scan me laurai kina ke sa tete na kenisa ina so tale na gacagaca se tikiniyago.
E bibi me nanumi ni sega ni o ira kece na tagane e tubu na PSA se sega ni vinaka na DRE ena tauvi ira na kenisa ni prostate, ena sega tale ga ni tubu na PSA ena kenisa kece ni prostate.
E bibi gona me dikevi na sela ni yago me vakadeitaki kina na mate e tauvi koya.
Kena ikuri, ni sa dikevi oti na macala ni vakadidike, sa na qai vakatulewataki me dikevi na tikiniyago ni manumanu e rawa ni vakaleqa na bula, kei na ka e vinakata o koya e dikevi.
Saldova R, Fan Y, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RW, Rudd PM: Core fucosylation and alpha2-3 sialylation in serum N-glycome is significantly increased in prostate cancer comparing to benign prostate hyperplasia. Glycobiology. 2011, 21 (2): 195-205.
Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
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How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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