E levu na ka e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka, wili kina:
1. iTukutuku ni vuvale: Ena rawa ni tauvi iko vakalevu ke tauvi iko na matenisuka e dua na nomu itubutubu se tacimu.
2. iTabaqase: E rawarawa sara ni tauvi iko na matenisuka na type 2 ni o sa qase, vakauasivi ni o sa yabaki 45.
3. Bibi: E rawa ni vakaleqai iko ke levulevu sivia se o levulevu sivia.
4. Kua ni vakaukauayago: Na lailai ni vakaukauayago e rawa ni vakavuna na mate ni gadro.
5. Mataqali se matatamata: E so na matatamata me vakataki ira na kai Aferika mai Mereke, na kai Sipeni mai Mereke, na itaukei kei Mereke, kei ira na kai Esia mai Mereke, e rawarawa sara nira tauvi matenisuka na type 2.
6. Matenisuka ni bukete: O ira na yalewa era tauvi matenisuka ena gauna era bukete tiko kina e rawarawa sara mera tauvi matenisuka na type 2 ena gauna era sa qase kina.
7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: E rawarawa sara vei ira na yalewa e tauvi ira na mate oqo mera tauvi matenisuka na type 2.
8. Metabolic syndrome: Na mate kece oqo, wili kina na tubunidra, levu ni cholesterol, kei na levu ni beleti ni yagomu, e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
9. Vakatavako: Na vakatavako e rawa ni vakavuna na kena sega ni cakacaka na insulin, e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
10. Prediabetes: Ke tubu na ivakarau ni suka ena nomu dra, ena rawa ni tauvi iko na matenisuka na type 2.
11. Na sucu ni gone e lailai na kena bi: E rawarawa sara nira tauvi matenisuka na gone e lailai na kedra bi.
12. Na tubunidra: Na tubunidra e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
13. Sega ni levu na cholesterol kei na triglyceride: Na levu ni triglyceride kei na lailai ni cholesterol vinaka (HDL) e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
14. Na cegu lekaleka ni moce: O ira na cegu lekaleka ni nodra moce e rawa ni tauvi ira na matenisuka na type 2.
15. Lomaocaoca: Na lomaocaoca e sega ni oti rawa e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
16. So na wainimate: E so na wainimate me vaka na steroid kei na antipsychotic e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
17. Vuvuce: Na vuvuce e sega ni wali rawa e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
18. Na bula osooso: Na bula osooso e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
19. Kakana e levu kina na uro kei na calorie: Na kana kakana e levu kina na uro kei na calorie e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
20. Gunu yaqona ni valagi: Na gunu sivia e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
21. Sega ni moce vinaka: Na lailai ni moce e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
22. Na cagi ca: Na cagi ca e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
23. So na mate e dau veitauvi: So na mate e veitauvi me vaka na hepatitis C, e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
24. Na levu ni homocysteine: Na levu ni homocysteine, e dua na amino acid, e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
25. Na levu ni uric acid: Na levu ni uric acid e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
26. Na levu ni protein e dau vakavinakataka na cakacaka ni yago: Na levu ni protein e vakavinakataka na cakacaka ni yago e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
27. Na levu ni fibrinogen: Na levu ni fibrinogen, na protein e dau vakavuna na cevata ni dra, e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
28. Na levu ni PAI-1: Na levu ni PAI-1, e dua na protein e dau vakavuna na cevata ni dra, e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
29. Na levu ni leptin: Na levu ni leptin, e dua na hormone e lewa na noda via kana, e rawa ni vakavuna na matenisuka na type 2.
30. Na levu ni resistin: Na levu ni resistin, na hormone e vakavuna na kena sega ni cakacaka na insulin, e rawa ni vakavuna na kena tubu na mate na
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Bielinski SJ, Pankow JS, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Bailey K, Li M, Selvin E, Couper D, Vazquez G, Brancati F: Strength of association for incident diabetes risk factors according to diabetes case definitions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012, 175 (5): 466-72.
Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.
Leiva AM, Martínez MA, Petermann F, Garrido-Méndez A, Poblete-Valderrama F, Díaz-Martínez X, Celis-Morales C: [Risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in Chile]. Nutr Hosp. 2018, 35 (2): 400-407.
Chatterjee R, Maruthur NM, Edelman D: Novel Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in African-Americans. Curr Diab Rep. 2015, 15 (12): 103.
Higa S, Maesato A, Ishigaki S, Suenari K, Chen YJ, Chen SA: Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders (Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism) as Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2021, 13 (1): 63-75.
Brodalko B: [Diabetes risk factors in the Regional Railway Hospital in Lublin, described on the basis of medical documentation]. Wiad Lek. 2000, 53 (5-6): 255-61.
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What are the risk factors for diabetes?
There are several risk factors for diabetes, including:
1. Family history: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases your risk.
2. Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45.
3. Weight: Being overweight or obese increases your risk.
4. Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise can increase your risk.
5. Race or ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
6. Gestational diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Women with this condition have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
8. Metabolic syndrome: This cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and large waist circumference, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
9. Smoking: Smoking can increase insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.
10. Prediabetes: Having prediabetes, or higher than normal blood sugar levels, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
11. Low birth weight: Babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
12. High blood pressure: Having high blood pressure increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
13. Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels: High levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
14. Sleep apnea: People with sleep apnea have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
15. Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
16. Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and antipsychotics, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
17. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
18. Sedentary lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
19. High-fat, high-calorie diet: Consuming a diet high in unhealthy fats and calories can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
20. Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
21. Sleep deprivation: Inadequate sleep can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
22. Air pollution: Exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
23. Certain infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis C, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
24. High levels of homocysteine: High levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
25. High levels of uric acid: High levels of uric acid, a waste product, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
26. High levels of C-reactive protein: High levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
27. High levels of fibrinogen: High levels of fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
28. High levels of PAI-1: High levels of PAI-1, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
29. High levels of leptin: High levels of leptin, a hormone involved in appetite regulation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
30. High levels of resistin: High levels of resistin, a hormone involved in insulin resistance, can increase the risk of developing
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