Cuale ise la fisiopatologjie dal tumôr de prostate?
La fisiopatologjie dal tumôr de prostate e si riferìs ai mecanisims e procès che a condusin al svilup e ae progression de malatie.
Il tumôr de prostate al è un tumôr che al nas des celulis de prostate, un piçul organ a forme di nule che si cjate sot de vescje tai oms.
La glande de prostate e prodûs sanc seminal, che al nudrìs e al traspuarte i spermatozoits.
La cause precise dal tumôr de prostate no je stade capide ben, ma a son diviers fatôrs che a puedin aumentâ il risi di svilupâ la malatie.
Chescj a includin etât, storie di famee, raze e ciertis mutazions gjenetichis.
Il tumôr de prostate al è plui comun tai oms plui vecjos, cun la plui part dai câs che a si verifichin in oms cun plui di 65 agns.
Cun di plui, i oms che a àn ta lôr famee une storie di cancar a prostate a son plui a risi, come ancje i oms afroamericans e chei che a vegnin dai Caraibs.
La fisiopatologjie dal tumôr de prostate e rivuarde la cressite e la division incontrolade des celulis dentri de glandule de prostate.
Chest al pues sucedi par cause di mutazions gjenetichis che a puartin ae soreespression di cierts fatôrs di cressite o ae inabilitazion di gjens sopressôrs dal tumôr.
Chestis mutazions a puedin risultâ intune cressite no regolâr des celulis, puartant ae formazion di un tumôr.
Man man che il tumôr al cres, al pues invadisi dai tiessûts e dai orghins dongje, come la vesciche, il ret e i linfonodis dongje.
In cualchi câs, lis celulis dal tumôr a puedin separâsi dal tumôr primari e sparniçâsi a altris parts dal cuarp par mieç dal flus sanguigni o dal sisteme linfatic, un procès cognossût come metastasi.
Une volte che il cancar si è slargjât, al pues jessi plui dificil di curâ.
Il cancar de prostate al pues jessi influençât ancje di fatôrs ormonâi, in particolâr dal ormon androgjen testosteron. ❚
Il testosterone al pues stimolâ la cressite des celulis dal tumôr de prostate, e tantis curis pal tumôr de prostate a àn l'obietîf di ridusi i nivei di chest ormone o blocâ i siei efiets.
In struc, la fisiopatologjie dal tumôr de prostate e rivuarde la cressite e la division incontrolade des celulis dentri de glandule de prostate, che a puedin jessi influençadis di fatôrs gjenetics, ormonâi e ambientâi.
Capî i mecanisims che a stan sot de malatie al è fondamentâl par svilupâ trataments eficaçs e miorâ i risultâts pai pazients cun tumôr de prostate.
Zobniw CM, Causebrook A, Fong MK: Clinical use of abiraterone in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol. 2014, 6 (): 97-105.
Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
Nelson JB, Hedican SP, George DJ, Reddi AH, Piantadosi S, Eisenberger MA, Simons JW: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (9): 944-9.
Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
Kotani K, Sekine Y, Ishikawa S, Ikpot IZ, Suzuki K, Remaley AT: High-density lipoprotein and prostate cancer: an overview. J Epidemiol. 2013, 23 (5): 313-9.
Jadvar H: Molecular imaging of prostate cancer: a concise synopsis. Mol Imaging. , 8 (2): 56-64.
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What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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