What are the risk factors for Breast cancer?

Cad iad na fachtóirí riosca le haghaidh ailse chíche?

Tá roinnt fachtóirí riosca ann le haghaidh ailse chíche, cuid acu is féidir a mhodhnú agus cuid eile nach féidir.

Seo cuid de na fachtóirí riosca is coitianta:

1. Aois: Méadaíonn an baol go dtarlóidh ailse chíche leis an aois, agus tarlaíonn an chuid is mó de na cásanna i measc mná os cionn 50 bliain d'aois.

2. Stair an Teaghlaigh: Má tá gaolta dlúth agat, mar shampla máthair, deirfiúr, nó iníon, a bhfuil ailse chíche aige, méadaíonn sé do riosca.

3. Mutations géiniteacha: Méadaíonn mutations géin oidhreachta áirithe, mar shampla BRCA1 agus BRCA2, an baol go dtarlóidh ailse chíche.

4. Stair atáirgthe: Is féidir le menarche luath (tús na míosta), menopause déanach, agus gan leanaí a bheith acu nó an chéad leanbh a bheith acu tar éis 30 bliain d'aois an baol a mhéadú.

5. Teiripe athsholáthar hormóin: D'fhéadfadh úsáid fhadtéarmach teiripe hormóin estrogen agus progesterone comhcheangailte tar éis an menopause an baol a mhéadú.

6. Tomhaltas alcóil: Méadaíonn ól alcóil an baol a bhaineann le ailse chíche.

7. Obesity: Méadaíonn róthrom nó róthrom an baol, go háirithe tar éis an menopause.

8. Gníomhaíocht choirp: Is féidir le easpa gníomhaíochta choirp an baol a mhéadú.

9. Nochtadh le radaíocht: Is féidir le nochtadh le dáileoga ard radaíochta, go háirithe le linn na óige, an riosca a mhéadú.

10. Dlúthchas na cíche: Tá riosca níos airde ag mná a bhfuil cíche dlúth acu ailse cíche a fhorbairt.

11. Stair menstrual: Tá riosca beagán níos airde ag mná a thosaigh menstruating go luath (sular bhí siad 12 mbliana d'aois) nó a chuaigh trí menopause go déanach (tar éis 55 bliain d'aois).

12. Breastfeeding: Tá riosca beagán níos airde ag mná nach ndearna beathú cíche riamh ailse chíche a fhorbairt.

Tá sé tábhachtach a thabhairt faoi deara nach chiallaíonn go mbeidh fachtóir riosca amháin nó níos mó ag duine go mbeidh ailse chíche aige go cinnte, agus nach bhfuil aon fachtóirí riosca aige ní ráthaíonn sé nach mbeidh ailse chíche ag duine.

Mar sin féin, is féidir le tuiscint ar na fachtóirí riosca seo cabhrú le daoine aonair cinntí eolasacha a dhéanamh faoina sláinte agus a riosca a laghdú go féideartha.

Tagairtí

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Wung SF, Hepworth JT, Sparenga D, Merkle CJ: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015, 42 (5): E330-8.

Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.

Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.

Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.

Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.

Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.

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Cumarsáid

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What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.

Here are some of the most common risk factors:

1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.

2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.

3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.

4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.

5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.

6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.

7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.

8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.

9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.

10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.

11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.

12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.

It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.

However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.

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