What are the risk factors for Lung cancer?

['Ehendu ko kuatiarogue']

Mba'e mba'e ikatu ombohasy ñande py'a?

Umi factor de riesgo akytã'ai rehegua apytépe oĩ:

1. Taku: Sigarrillo jeporu ha'e hína pe mba'e omoñepyrũvéva cáncer de pulmón.

Pe riesgo ojupive rehe hetave cigarrillo opitáramo peteĩ árape ha hetave ary ombopitáramo peteĩ tapicha.

2. Toco de segunda mano: Toco de segunda mano ikatu ombohetave cáncer de pulmón umi ndopitáiva apytépe.

3. Gas radón: exposición gas radón hetaitereihápe, peteĩ gas radiactivo natural, ikatu ombohetave cáncer de pulmón.

4. Asbesto ha ambue carcinógeno: Asbesto, arsénico, cromo, níquel, hollín, alquitrán ha ambue sustancia jeikuaauka ikatu oporombohasy cáncer de pulmón-gui.

5. Aire rehegua contaminación: Jepéramo heta tiempo ojeiko aire rehe, ha'eve umi área urbana-pe, ikatu ombohetave cáncer de pulmón.

6. Hasykue ogapýpe: Peteĩ tapicha ifamilia oreko guive cáncer de pulmón ikatu ombohetave upe riesgo.

7. Mba'asy pytu rape rehegua: Tapicha oguerekóva mba'asy pytu rape rehegua taha'e enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) térã tuberculosis ikatu oguereko hetave riesgo cáncer de pulmón-gui.

8. Ary oguerekóva: Pe cáncer de pulmón ikatuve ojehupyty kakuaavévo, hetave umi hasýva ohupyty rire 65 ary.

9. Kuimba'e térã kuña: Kuimba'e ikatuve oguereko cáncer de pulmón kuñágui.

10. Radioterapia: Radioterapia ojejapóva ambueichagua cáncer-pe ikatu ombohetave cáncer de pulmón.

11. Hi'upyrã: Peteĩ hi'upyrã sa'i ho'úva yva ha ka'avokuéra ikatu ombohetave cáncer de pulmón.

12. Alcohol jeporu: alcohol jeporu heta ikatu ombohetave cáncer de pulmón.

13. Genética: Oĩ mutación genética ikatúva ombohetave cáncer de pulmón.

Iporã ja'e peteĩ térã hetave ko'ã factor de riesgo rehegua nde'iséi katuete peteĩ tapicha hasytaha cáncer de pulmón-gui, ha oĩ tapicha hasýva ikatu ndoguerekói factor de riesgo ojeikuaáva.

Upéicharamo jepe, ojehapejoko térã ojehapejoko rupi ko'ã factor de riesgo ikatu oipytyvõ omboguejyve hag̃ua umi mba'e ikatúva oporombohasy cáncer de pulmón-gui.

['Jehechapy']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Jin YJ, Tang W, Huang Y, Wang JW, Hou DH, Qi LL, Zhao SJ, Wu N: [Risk factors for lung cancer based on low-dose computed tomography screening]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2020, 42 (3): 222-227.

Hosseini M, Naghan PA, Karimi S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Bahadori M, Khodadad K, Mohammadi F, Kaynama K, Keynama K, Masjedi MR: Environmental risk factors for lung cancer in Iran: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 2009, 38 (4): 989-96.

Zhou X, Hu J, Zhang C, Zhan Y, Song Y, Fan W, Hu Z, Yang H, Yang Q, Wu D, Li F, Li D, Nie R: Clinical characteristics and risk factors for in-hospital mortality of lung cancer patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. Thorac Cancer. 2021, 12 (1): 57-65.

Liu X, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Xiang J, Wang J, Sun Z, Ren G, Yao S, Chang R, Zhao Y, Qiao Y, Zhou Q: [A cohort study on risk factors of lung cancer in Yunnan tin miners]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2013, 16 (4): 184-90.

Aoun J, Saleh N, Waked M, Salamé J, Salameh P: Lung cancer correlates in Lebanese adults: a pilot case--control study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2013, 3 (4): 235-44.

Chan-Yeung M, Koo LC, Ho JC, Tsang KW, Chau WS, Chiu SW, Ip MS, Lam WK: Risk factors associated with lung cancer in Hong Kong. Lung Cancer. 2003, 40 (2): 131-40.

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["Ko marandu oñeme'ẽva ndojeporúi va'erã ojeikuaa térã oñepohano hag̃ua peteĩ problema de salud térã mba'asy, ha umi tapicha ohekáva consejo médico ha'eñoháme oñe'ẽva'erã peteĩ pohanohára ikatupyrýva ndive."]

["Ejesareko ta'ãngamýi ñandutigua omoheñóiva mbohovái porandukuérape, noĩporãi ojeipapávo papapy rehegua, techapyrã, tapichakuéra hasýva peteĩ mba'asýpe."]

["Akóinte eheka ne pohãnohára térã ambue pohanohára ikatupyrýva ñe'ẽ peteĩ mba'asýpe. Ani araka'eve remboyke térã reha'arõ'ỹ rehekávo ñe'ẽ pohanohára ikatupyrýva ñe'ẽ remoñe'ẽre ko ñanduti rendápe. Reimo'ãramo ikatuha reikotevẽ peteĩ mba'e hasýva, ehenoikuaa 911 térã tereho pya'e tasyópe. Ko ñanduti renda térã ijeporu ndojapói mba'eveichagua pohanohára ha hasýva jokupyty. BioMedLib, imba'apohára térã oimeraẽ tapicha oipytyvõva ko ñanduti rendápe, nomboajéi mba'eve, he'íva térã he'iséva, marandu oĩva ko'ápe térã ijeporu."]

['Copyright: Copyright']

["Pe Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) ome'ẽ recurso umi copyright járape ogueroviáva umi mba'e ojehechaukáva Internet-pe opokovaiha iderecho rehe EE.UU. léi jehaiporãmby rehegua rupive. "]

["Rogueroviáramo añetehápe oimeraẽ mba'e térã tembiporu ojepurukuaáva ore ñanduti renda térã tembipurupyahu rupive opyrũha ne derécho rehe, nde (térã ne rembijokuái) ikatu oremondo peteĩ ñemomarandu ojerurévo ojeipe'a hag̃ua upe mba'e térã tembiporu, térã ojejokopa hag̃ua ijeike. "]

['Umi ñemomarandu oñemog̃uahẽva\'erã kuatia rupive, correo electrónico rupive (ojehecháta "Contacto" pe).']

["DMCA ojerure ne ñemomarandu rehe ejaposégui mba'evai ejaposéva rehe toike ko'ã mba'e: (1) tembiapo ojejaposéva rehegua ha'éva mba'evai; (2) jehaipy ha mba'ekuaarã ome'ẽva oréve jehaipyre ha'éva mba'evai ha ome'ẽva oréve pa'ũ rojuhu hag̃ua; (3) ne ñanduti veve, ne rendaite, ne pumbyry papapy ha ne ñanduti veve; (4) ñe'ẽme'ẽ erekóva rejeroviaha pe mba'evai ejaposéva rehe ndojeruréiha mba'evai apohára, imaranduhára térã léi."]

["5. peteî declaración nde rejapóva, remoîva nde réra ha remoîva'erâha nde jurúpe, umi mba'e oîva ñemomarandúpe oîmbaha añetehápe ha rerekoha pokatu remoañete haguâ umi derecho oje'éva nde rehe ojepoko vaiha;"]

["ha (6) peteĩ firma física térã electrónica copyright jára rehegua térã peteĩ tapicha omoneĩva oporoñemomba'e hag̃ua copyright jára rérape. "]

["Ndoikéi ramo opaite ko'ã mba'e ikatu ombohape nde denuncia ñemboguata."]

['Ñemboheraguapy']

["Remba'eporanduséramo térã ereko hag̃ua ne remiandu ehai oréve."]

What are the risk factors for lung cancer?

The risk factors for lung cancer include:

1. Smoking: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.

The risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years a person has smoked.

2. Secondhand smoke: Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers.

3. Radon gas: Exposure to high levels of radon gas, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can increase the risk of lung cancer.

4. Asbestos and other carcinogens: Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer.

5. Air pollution: Long-term exposure to air pollution, particularly in urban areas, may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer.

6. Family history: A family history of lung cancer may increase a person's risk.

7. Personal history of lung disease: People with a history of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or tuberculosis may have an increased risk of lung cancer.

8. Age: The risk of lung cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 65.

9. Gender: Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.

10. Radiation therapy: Previous radiation therapy to the chest for other cancers can increase the risk of lung cancer.

11. Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of lung cancer.

12. Alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption may increase the risk of lung cancer.

13. Genetics: Certain genetic mutations may increase the risk of lung cancer.

It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean a person will develop lung cancer, and some people who develop lung cancer may not have any known risk factors.

However, reducing or avoiding exposure to these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing lung cancer.

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