Tazɣent, neɣ tazerzayt, d aṭṭan n weglim yettbanen s tbanent n yiɣsan izeggaɣen, yettneqlaben, d yiɣsan yefsan deg uglim.
Yezmer ad d-yeglu s waṭas n ssebbat, gar-asent tiririyin n wurnan, tisemɣiwin, d kra n isufar.
Asefru n urtikarya d asdukel n umezruy n umuḍin, akayad n tfekka, tikwal daɣen ikayaden n laboratoire.
1. Amezruy amejjay: Amejjay ad isteqsi ɣef umezruy amejjay n umuḍin, ladɣa ma yella kra n wurnan yettwassen, aṭṭanen ineggura, d isufar i itett.
Ad steqsin daɣen ɣef melmi i d-bdan lesnin, acḥal i ṭṭfen, d wayen akk i d-yeǧǧan ad d-bdun lesnin.
2. Akayad n tfekka: Amejjay ad iẓer aglim ma llan-t yiɣsan, azalen-nsen, d wamek ttwazerɛen.
Yezmer daɣen ad imuqel ma llan yismawen-nniḍen n wurnan am zzux n wudem, n yimi neɣ n yiles.
3. Tiɣbula n laboratoire: Deg kra n tegnatin, amejjay yezmer ad yessuter akayad n yidammen akken ad iẓer ma yella llant kra n tirma neɣ aṭṭanen.
Izmer daɣen ad ttwasxedmen yikayaden n weglim, am ukayad n uglim neɣ ukayad n uceṭṭiḍ, i wakken ad d-banen yismawen n yismawen imseksumen.
4. Ikayaden n wurnan: Ma yella ṭṭbib yeccukket belli yella kra n wurnan, yezmer ad iceggeɛ amuḍin ɣer kra n umejjay n wurnan i wugar n yikayaden.
Aya yezmer ad d-yessegzu akayad n uglim, akayad n tceṭṭiḍt, neɣ akayad n yidammen i wakken ad d-banen imsisanen imseksumen.
5. Aṭṭan n umgarad: Amejjay ad imuqel daɣen ssebbat nniḍen izemren ad ssebbawen isekna, am waṭṭanen nniḍen n weglim neɣ aṭṭanen n udawi, yerna yezmer ad yessuter akayad nniḍen akken ad ten-yekkes.
6. Tijeṛṛiwin n ussumer: Deg tegnatin n tuzzma tafizikt, anda i d-tettlal tuzzma s usemmiḍ, azɣal neɣ tazɣent, amejjay yezmer ad yeg akayad n ussumer akken ad d-iḥeqqet adignosi.
Ayagi yeεni ad d-nesken aglim-nneɣ i wayen iɣef neţcukku akken ad nẓer ma yella ad d-yeḍru kra.
7. Tifekkiwin n yiman: Deg tegnatin n tuzzma ur nḥellu ara, ṭṭbib yezmer ad yessuter tifekkiwin akken ad iẓer ma llant waṭṭanen n yiman, imi d wigi i d ssebba n tegnit tikwal.
8. Tifekkiwin n tugna: Deg tegnatin ur neḍri ara, zemren ad ḥettmen ad t-sεeddin i kra n tmuɣliwin am X-ray neɣ CT scan akken ad sḍehṛen tilufa nniḍen i izemren ad d-awint izumal icuban.
S umata, asiweḍ n tneqlet deg tmuḍint yezga-d deg usdukel n umezruy amejjay, akayad n tfekka, tikwal daɣen ikayaden n laboratoire.
Iswi-nsen d asfeḍ n ssebba yellan d lsas yerna ad ẓren acu n ddwa i yelhan akk i umuḍin.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['Anfafad: amejjay']
['Asmel-a web yettunefk-d kan i yiswiyen n uselmed d usissen, ur d-yettak ara iwellihen imejjayen neɣ isefka udmawanen.']
['Isallen i d-yettunefken ur ilaq ara ad ttwasqedcen i usebded neɣ i usemḥi n kra n wugur n tezmert neɣ aṭṭan, yerna wid yettnadin ɣef yiwellihen imsujjiyen udmawanen yessefk ad ẓren amejjay yesɛan turagt.']
['Ttxil-k ẓer belli azeṭṭa amseddayan i d-yettaken tiririyin i tuttriwin, ur iṣeḥḥa ara mliḥ ma yella d ayen yerzan uḍḍun. D amedya, amḍan n yimdanen yettwaḍḍfen s kra n waṭṭan.']
['Ssutur dima ṛṛay n ṭṭbib-ik neɣ n kra n umejjay-nniḍen ara iwalmen ɣef waṭṭan-ik. Ɣur-k ad tḥeqreḍ ṛṛay n ṭṭbib amsadur neɣ ad tεeṭṭleḍ deg usuter-is ɣef lǧal n kra i teɣriḍ deg usmel-a. Ma tɣileḍ ahat tesεiḍ liḥala n tεeǧlanit deg tezmert, siwel 911 neɣ ṛuḥ ɣer texxamt n tεeǧlanit i d-iqerben. Ulac assaɣ gar ṭṭbib d umuḍin i d-yettnulfun s usmel-a neɣ aseqdec-is. BioMedLib neɣ ixeddamen-is, neɣ kra n win yettekkiyen deg usmel-a, ur d-ttaken ara yakk kra n yisumren, s wawal neɣ s usemres, ɣef ayen yerzan isallen i d-yettunefken dagi neɣ aseqdec-is.']
['Anekcum: azref n uḍfar']
['Asaḍuf n umeskar n yizerfan n wemdan n alfin (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) n 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) yettak-d ttawil i yimeskaren n yizerfan n wemdan i yumnen belli ayen i d-yettbanen deg Internet yettḍurru izerfan-nsen ddaw usaḍuf n umeskar n yizerfan n wemdan n Marikan. ']
['Ma tumneḍ s wul yelhan belli kra n taɣult neɣ taɣawsa yettwafken deg unermes-nneɣ neɣ deg yiqeddacen-nneɣ tegzem azref-ik n uḥraz, tzemreḍ (neɣ amsedday-ik) ad aɣ-d-tazneḍ izen akken ad nessuter asuffeɣ n taɣult neɣ n taɣawsa-nni, neɣ ad nessader tuqqna ɣer-s. ']
['Isental yessefk ad ttwazen s tira s yimayl (ẓer asebter "Contact" i tansa n yimayl).']
['DMCA teḥwaǧ isalli-inek n tukksa n yizerfan yettwanekṛen ad d-yeglu s yisallen-a: (1) asegzi n umahil yettwaḥerzen s yizerfan yettwanekṛen i d-yettwanekren; (2) asegzi n uḍris yettwanekren d yisallen ara aɣ-yeǧǧen ad d-naf uḍris-nni; (3) isallen n usiwel inek, ladɣa tansa-inek, uṭṭun n tilifun d tansa imayl; (4) awal sɣur-k d akken tumneḍ s wayen yelhan belli aḍris-nni s wamek i d-tettcetkiḍ ur yettwasemres ara sɣur bab n yizerfan, neɣ amesten-is, neɣ s useqdec n kra n usaḍuf; ']
['(5) yiwet n tseddi sɣur-k, yettwatten s uḥasef n lekdeb, d akken isallen yellan deg uzenzi d iṣeḥḥan u tesεiḍ azref ad tesseḍruḍ izerfan umeskar i d-yeqqaren ttwarẓen; ']
['akked (6) azmul n tfekka neɣ n tuqqna tagensit n bab n yizerfan neɣ n umdan yettwafernen ad yexdem s yisem n bab n yizerfan. ']
['Ma ur d-terriḍ ara isallen-agi akk, yezmer ad d-yeglu s uεeṭṭel deg usefrek n ucetki-inek.']
['Assaɣ']
['Ttxil-k azen-aɣ-d imayl ma tesεiḍ asteqsi / asumer.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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