What are the risk factors for Depression?

['Ĩthukĩĩsye ũvoo ũũ']

Nĩ maũndũ meva matonya kũtuma mũndũ akw'a ngoo?

Ve maũndũ amwe matonya kũtuma mũndũ akwatwa nĩ ũwau ũsu, ta:

1. Mũndũ nũtonya kwĩthĩwa na ũwau ũsu nũndũ wa mũsyawa: Ethĩwa ve mũndũ wa mũsyĩ wĩthĩĩtwe na ũwau ũsu, nĩ laisi mũno mũndũ ũsu akethĩwa na ũwau ũsu.

2. Maũndũ ala mekaa mwĩĩ wa mũndũ: Kĩndũ kĩmwe kĩtonya kũtuma mũndũ akw'a ngoo nĩ kwĩthĩwa na mathĩna ma mwĩĩ.

3. Mwĩkalĩle: Andũ ala methĩawa na mwĩkalĩle mũna mũthũku ta kwĩkua ta andũ mate vata, kwĩthĩwa na woni ũtaĩle ĩũlũ wa maũndũ, kana kwĩsilĩla mũno, nĩmatonya kwĩthĩwa na ũwau wa kũkw'a ngoo.

Maũndũ ala makwataa andũ: Maũndũ mathũku ta kũkw'ĩĩwa nĩ mũndũ tũmwendete, kũthasya mũtwaano, mathĩna ma mbesa, kana kũvutwa wĩanĩ, nĩmatonya kũtuma mũndũ akw'a ngoo.

5. Kwĩthĩwa na mathĩna ma mwĩĩ: Kwĩthĩwa na mathĩna ma mwĩĩ ta woo ũteĩsa kũvoa, kanza, kana ũwau wa ngoo, no kũtume mũndũ ethĩwa na thĩna ũsu.

6. Syĩndũ ila mũndũ ũtonya kũnyw'a: Syĩndũ imwe ta ndawa sya kũsiĩĩa na kũolanga nthakame nitonya kũtuma mũndũ akw'a ngoo.

7. Kũtũmĩa ndawa sya kũmila na kũnyw'a ũkĩ mũno: Mũndũ nũtonya kũkw'a ngoo mũno atũmĩa ndawa sya kũmila na kũnyw'a ũkĩ mũno.

8. Ũkũũ: Mũndũ no akwatwe nĩ ũwau wa kũkw'a ngoo e wa ũkũũ o na wĩva, ĩndĩ mũno mũno ũmakwataa andũ ma mũika na ala mavikĩtye myaka 20.

9. Mũndũ mũka na mũndũũme: Aka nĩmakothaa kũkw'a ngoo mũno kwĩ aũme.

10. Kwĩvathana na andũ: Mũndũ atekwata ũtethyo kuma kwa andũ angĩ kana atekwĩw'a e mwĩanĩe, nũtonya kũkw'a ngoo mũno.

Nĩ ũndũ wa vata kũmanya kana mũndũ eethĩwa na ũmwe kana o maũndũ maingĩ matonya kũtuma akw'a ngoo, ũu ti kwasya kana ndakesa kũkw'a ngoo.

Ethĩwa nũkwĩw'a ũithĩnĩka mũno ngoonĩ, nĩ ũndũ wa vata ũkamantha ũiiti.

['Maũndũ ma kwongeleela']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Schaakxs R, Comijs HC, van der Mast RC, Schoevers RA, Beekman ATF, Penninx BWJH: Risk Factors for Depression: Differential Across Age? Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2017, 25 (9): 966-977.

Heun R, Hein S: Risk factors of major depression in the elderly. Eur Psychiatry. 2005, 20 (3): 199-204.

Leentjens AF, Lousberg R, Verhey FR: Markers for depression in Parkinson's disease. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002, 106 (3): 196-201.

Reinherz HZ, Giaconia RM, Hauf AM, Wasserman MS, Paradis AD: General and specific childhood risk factors for depression and drug disorders by early adulthood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000, 39 (2): 223-31.

Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.

Song SJ, Ziegler R, Arsenault L, Fried LE, Hacker K: Asian student depression in American high schools: differences in risk factors. J Sch Nurs. 2011, 27 (6): 455-62.

Stewart R, Prince M, Mann A, Richards M, Brayne C: Stroke, vascular risk factors and depression: Cross-sectional study in a UK Caribbean-born population. Br J Psychiatry. 2001, 178 (1): 23-8.

['Ũtao:']

["Kĩsese kĩĩ kĩseũvĩtw'e kwondũ wa kũmanyĩsya na kũtetheesya andũ, ĩndĩ ti kũnengane motao ma ũiiti kana ũtethyo ũngĩ."]

['Ũvoo ũla wĩ vo ndwaĩle kũtũmĩwa kũĩkĩĩthya kana mũndũ e na ũwau mũna, na ala mekwenda ũtao wa ũiiti maĩle kũneena na ndakĩtalĩ.']

["Kwa ngelekany'o, ĩla mũndũ wakũlya ĩkũlyo yĩ na namba, no amanye kana mũndũ ũsu e na ũwau mũna."]

['Kĩla ĩvinda neena na ndakĩtalĩ waku kana mũndũ ũngĩ ũsomeete maũndũ ma ũiiti. Ndũkaatate kũlea kana kũkua ĩvinda ũimũkũlya ũtao aĩ nũndũ wa maũndũ amwe wasoma Kĩsesenĩ kĩĩ. Ethĩwa wĩona ta wĩ na thĩna wa mĩtũkĩ, neena na namba ya 911 kana ũthi sivitalĩ ya mĩtũkĩ ĩla yĩ vakuvĩ.']

['Ũtao:']

['The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) nĩyaĩtye kana ala me na ũthasyo wa kumĩthya syĩndũ ila syĩ Indanetinĩ nĩmaĩle kũtata ũndũ matonya nĩ kana maĩkĩĩthye kana syĩndũ ila mekumĩthya nĩsyavĩnga mĩao ya nthĩ ya Amelika.']

['Ethĩwa wĩ na mũĩkĩĩo kana ũvoo ũla wĩ kĩsesenĩ kitũ kana nthĩnĩ wa syĩndũ ila tumasya nũvĩtĩsye mĩao yaku, no ũtũtũmĩe valũa ũũtwĩĩte kana no ũtũsiĩĩe tũikamĩsome.']

['No ũtũmĩe valũa ũũ (sisya vala vaandĩkĩtwe "Ndũkatũmĩe valũa ũũ") ũnyaĩĩkya ũvoo.']

["Mĩao ya DMCA yaĩtye kana no nginya ũvoo ũla ũũtũmĩa kũtũtavya kana ve kĩndũ kĩna kĩnavĩnga mĩao ya kumĩthya syĩndũ wĩthĩwe na ũvoo ũũ: (1) ũvoo ĩũlũ wa syĩndũ ila iwetetwe kana nĩsyo ivĩngĩĩsiwe nĩ mĩao ĩsu; (2) ũvoo ĩũlũ wa syĩndũ ila iwetetwe kana nĩsyo ivĩngĩĩsiwe nĩ mĩao ĩsu na ũvoo ũtonya kũtũtetheesya kũmanya vala syĩndũ isu syĩ; (3) ũndũ ũtonya kũtũtavya ũndũ ũtonya kũtũtavya ũndũ ũtonya kũũkũlya, ta vala wĩkalaa, namba yaku ya simũ, na valũa waku wa simũ; (4) ũĩkĩĩthyo ũkwonany'a kana wĩ na mũĩkĩĩo kana syĩndũ ila iwetetwe vau iyĩtĩkĩlĩtw'e nĩ ũla wĩ na ũthasyo wa kũseũvya syĩndũ, kana nĩ mũũngamĩi wasyo, kana nĩ mĩao ĩngĩ."]

["(5) ũĩkĩĩthyo kuma kwaku, ũla ũandĩkĩte ũikĩa ũkũsĩ ũte wa w'o, kana ũvoo ũla wĩ nthĩnĩ wa livoti nĩ wa w'o na kana wĩ na ũkũmũ wa kũũngamĩa maũndũ ala mawetwa nĩ ũla ũkũũmĩw'a;"]

['Na (6) saii ya mwene syĩndũ kana mũndũ ũla ũnengetwe ũkũmũ wa kwĩka maũndũ kwondũ wake.']

['Ethĩwa ndũwetete maũndũ asu onthe, nũtonya kũema kwĩtetea.']

['Ũndũ ũtonya kũneena namo']

['Tũmĩa email ũtũkũlye kana ũnenge ũtao.']

What are the risk factors for depression?

There are several risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing depression, including:

1. Genetics: A family history of depression can increase the risk of developing the condition.

2. Brain chemistry: Imbalances in certain chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, can contribute to depression.

3. Personality: People with certain personality traits, such as low self-esteem, pessimism, or being overly self-critical, may be more prone to developing depression.

4. Life events: Traumatic or stressful life events, such as the death of a loved one, divorce, financial problems, or job loss, can trigger depression.

5. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as chronic pain, cancer, or heart disease, can increase the risk of depression.

6. Medications: Some medications, such as steroids or blood pressure medications, can increase the risk of depression.

7. Substance abuse: Alcohol or drug abuse can contribute to the development of depression.

8. Age: Depression can occur at any age, but it is more common in teenagers and young adults.

9. Gender: Women are more likely to experience depression than men, possibly due to hormonal factors and social pressures.

10. Social isolation: Lack of social support or a sense of belonging can increase the risk of depression.

It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not guarantee that a person will develop depression, and not having any risk factors does not mean that a person will never experience depression.

It is essential to seek professional help if you are experiencing symptoms of depression.

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