Pathophysiology ya mũrimũ wa cukari nĩ gũthoma ũrĩa mĩrimũ ya cukari ĩtarwaranaga na mwĩrĩ.
Mũrimũ wa cukari nĩ gĩkundi kĩa mĩrimũ ĩrĩa ĩrehaga cukari thĩinĩ wa thakame ũingĩhĩte mũno, ũrĩa ũrehagwo nĩ kwaga wĩra wega wa insulin.
Mũrimũ wa cukari nĩ ũrehaga mathĩna maingĩ mũno marĩa moimanaga na indo cia ndũire, maũndũ marĩa matũrigicĩirie, na mĩikarĩre itũ.
Mũrimũ wa cukari wa mũthemba wa 1, ũrehaga mũrimũ wa gũkua ciĩga cia beta thĩinĩ wa pancreas iria ithondekaga insulin.
Ũndũ ũcio ũtũmaga cukari wa thakame wage kũigana na nĩ ũndũ ũcio ũgatũma mũndũ akorũo na thakame nyingĩ mũno.
Mũrimũ wa cukari wa mũthemba wa 2, ũkoragwo na mathĩna maingĩ na ũhutĩtie insulin resistance na insulin secretion.
Thakame ndĩhotaga kũruta wĩra wega wa insulin, na ũndũ ũcio ũgatũma ĩremwo nĩ kũhũthĩra glucose wega kũruta hinya.
Ũndũ ũcio ũtũmaga rwagĩ rũkũre insulin nyingĩ nĩguo rũkĩhote kũhiũrania na thĩna ũcio, no thutha wa ihinda, rwagĩ rũu no rũremwo nĩ kũhingia mabataro macio, na nĩ ũndũ ũcio insulin ĩgathũka.
Mũrimũ wa cukari ũrĩa ũkoragwo na andũ arĩa magĩaga na ciana na ũrĩa wĩkĩkaga hĩndĩ ya kũgĩa, ũrehagwo nĩ mogarũrũku ma homoni marĩa matũmaga mũndũ aremwo nĩ kũhũthĩra ndawa cia kũnina mũrimũ ũcio.
Mũkiha nĩ ũrutaga homoni iria itangĩhota kũgirĩrĩria wĩra wa insulin, ũndũ ũrĩa ũtũmĩte glucose thĩinĩ wa thakame yongerereke.
Mũrimũ wa cukari no ũtũme mũndũ agĩe na mathĩna mangĩ ta gũthũka kwa thakame, mĩkiha, na ciĩga ingĩ, na no ũtũme mũndũ agĩe na mathĩna manene ma mwĩrĩ ta mũrimũ wa ngoro, gũkua ciĩga, mathĩna ma higo, na kwaga kuona wega.
Nĩ wega kũmenya mũrimũ ũyũ nĩ ũrĩkũ nĩguo mũndũ ahote kũrũa na ndwari ĩyo na njĩra njega.
Biochemistry and pathophysiology of diabetes. Proceedings of conference on pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes mellitus. 1990. Mol Cell Biochem. 1992, 109 (2): 97-204.
Surampudi PN, John-Kalarickal J, Fonseca VA: Emerging concepts in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009, 76 (3): 216-26.
Johnson D: Selected pathophysiology of diabetes. Semin Perioper Nurs. 1998, 7 (3): 164-78.
Hirsch IB: The changing faces of diabetes. Prim Care. 2003, 30 (3): 499-510.
Guthrie RA, Guthrie DW: Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Crit Care Nurs Q. , 27 (2): 113-25.
Felig P: Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Med Clin North Am. 1971, 55 (4): 821-34.
['Ũkaana: thibitarĩ']
['Website ĩno ĩkoragwo ĩrĩ ya kũrutana na kũheana ũhoro tu na ti ya kũheana ũtaaro wa ũrigitani kana ũtungata wa kĩĩmwĩrĩ.']
['Ũhoro ũrĩa ũrĩ thĩinĩ wa broshua ĩyo ndwagĩrĩirũo kũhũthĩrũo gũthima kana kũrigita mũrimũ mũna, na arĩa marenda ũtaaro wa ũrigitani magĩrĩirũo gũcaria ũteithio wa ndagĩtarĩ.']
['No wone atĩ netiwaki ya neuron ĩrĩa ĩheanaga macokio ma ciũria icio, ndĩkoragwo na ũkinyanĩru mũno ũhoro-inĩ wĩgiĩ namba. Kwa ngerekano, mũigana wa andũ arĩa magwatĩtio mũrimũ mũna.']
['Hingo ciothe caria ũtaaro wa ndagĩtarĩ kana mũndũ ũngĩ wagĩrĩire ũgima-inĩ waku wa mwĩrĩ igũrũ rĩgiĩ mũrimũ. Ndũkaanahũthie ũtaaro wa ndagĩtarĩ kana ũcererũo kũũcaria nĩ ũndũ wa ũndũ ũthomete thĩinĩ wa website ĩno. Ũngĩkorũo ũrona ta wacemania na ũndũ mũhiũ, hũra thimũ 911 kana ũthiĩ thibitarĩ ya hakuhĩ na harĩa ũrĩ. Gũtirĩ ũrata wa ndagĩtarĩ na mũrwaru wonekaga nĩ ũndũ wa website ĩno kana kũhũthĩrũo kwayo. BioMedLib kana aruti ayo a wĩra, kana mũndũ ũngĩ wothe ũrutĩte wĩra thĩinĩ wa website ĩno, ndarĩ na ũira, wa ĩmwe kwa ĩmwe kana wa ĩmwe kwa ĩmwe, wĩgiĩ ũhoro ũrĩa ũheanĩtwo ho kana ũrĩa ũhũthĩrĩtwo.']
['Ũregani: wĩyathi wa kwandĩka']
['Watho wa Digital Millennium Copyright Act wa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) ũheanaga ũhoti wa ene a ihoto cia wandĩki arĩa metĩkĩtie atĩ ũhoro ũrĩa ũroneka intanetiinĩ nĩ ũtharĩtie ihooto ciao kũringana na watho wa U.S. wa ihoto cia wandĩki.']
['Ũngĩkorũo na wĩtĩkio atĩ ũhoro kana kĩndũ kĩna gĩtahingũrĩtwo ũhoro-inĩ wĩgiĩ website kana ũtungata witũ nĩ gĩgũthũkia ihooto ciaku, wee (kana mũndũ ũrĩa ũgũgũthondekera) no ũtũtũmĩre notithi ũkĩũria ũhoro kana kĩndũ kĩu kĩeherio, kana ũrigĩrĩrio ndũgacihũthĩre.']
["Marũa macio magĩrĩire gũtũmwo na njĩra ya kwandĩkwo na e-mail (rora ũhoro wa andirethi gĩcunjĩinĩ kĩa 'Maũndũ ma kwaranĩria')."]
['DMCA ĩbataraga atĩ notithi yaku ya kuuna ihooto cia wandĩki ĩkorwo na ũhoro ũyũ: (1) ũtaarĩria wa wĩra ũrĩa ũrĩ na ihooto cia wandĩki ũrĩa ũrarumwo; (2) ũtaarĩria wa ũhoro ũrĩa ũrarumwo na ũhoro mũiganu wa gũtũhotithia kũmenya kũrĩa ũhoro ũcio ũrĩ; (3) ũhoro waku wa kwaranĩria, hamwe na andirethi, namba ya thimũ na andirethi ya e-mail; (4) ndũmĩrĩri yaku atĩ wĩ na wĩtĩkio mwega atĩ ũhoro ũcio ũramenererio ndũrĩ na rũtha rwa mwene wa watho, kana mũrũgamĩrĩri, kana rwa watho o wothe; ']
['(5) nĩ mwandĩkanĩire, na nĩ mũkũheo mũkaana wa kũheenania, atĩ ũhoro ũrĩa ũrĩ kĩmenyithiainĩ kĩu nĩ wa ma na atĩ mũrĩ na ũhoti wa kũhingia ihooto iria mũreganĩte nacio;']
['na (6) kĩrore kĩa mwene kĩhoto kana kĩa mũndũ wĩtĩkĩritio gwĩtongoria handũ ha mwene kĩhoto.']
['Kwaga kwandĩka ũhoro ũcio wothe no gũtũme gũtangĩka gwaku kũhĩtũke.']
['Ũhoro wa Kwaranĩria']
['Tũma ndũmĩrĩri ya kũbucia kũgerera thimũ kana thimũ ya mohoro.']
What is pathophysiology of diabetes?
Pathophysiology of diabetes refers to the study of the disordered physiological processes that lead to the development of diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
The pathophysiology of diabetes involves the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that contribute to the development of the disease.
In type 1 diabetes, the pathophysiology involves an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency in insulin production.
This results in an inability to regulate blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
In type 2 diabetes, the pathophysiology is more complex and involves both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
Insulin resistance occurs when the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to an inability to effectively use glucose for energy.
This causes the pancreas to produce more insulin to try to overcome the resistance, but over time, the pancreas may not be able to keep up with the demand, leading to a decrease in insulin production.
Gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, is caused by hormonal changes that lead to insulin resistance.
The placenta produces hormones that can block the action of insulin, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.
The pathophysiology of diabetes also involves the development of complications, such as damage to blood vessels, nerves, and organs, which can lead to serious health problems like heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and vision loss.
Understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes is crucial for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for this chronic disease.
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