How is Alzheimer diagnosed?

Ese indwara ya Alzheimer isuzumwa ite?

Indwara ya Alzheimer isuzumwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwinshi, harimo gusuzumwa neza n'abaganga, ibizamini byo mu mutwe, ibizamini byo mu bwonko, no gusuzuma niba nta zindi mpamvu zishobora kuba zitera iyo ndwara.

1. Kwitegereza muganga: Umuganga azagusuzuma maze amenye neza uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze kugira ngo arebe niba nta zindi mpamvu zishobora gutuma wibagirwa cyangwa ubwenge bwawe bukagabanuka, urugero nk'ibibazo by'umwijima, kubura vitamini cyangwa ibibyimba byo mu bwonko.

2. Ibizamini byo mu mutwe n'imitekerereze: Ibizamini byo mu mutwe bigenzura ubushobozi bwo kwibuka, ururimi, gukemura ibibazo n'ibindi bintu umuntu ashobora gukora mu bwenge, kugira ngo bamenye urugero umuntu afite rwo kudashobora gutekereza neza, no gutandukanya umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo kwibagirwa bitewe n'imyaka n'ufite ikibazo cyo guta ubwenge.

3. Gufata amashusho y'ubwonko: Gufata amashusho ya magneti (MRI) cyangwa tomography (CT) bishobora gufasha kumenya impinduka z'imiterere y'ubwonko zishobora kugaragaza indwara ya Alzheimer.

Nanone, umuntu ashobora kwifashisha uburyo bwo gupima bwa tomographie par émission de positons (PET) kugira ngo amenye uko poroteyine zimwe na zimwe zifite aho zihuriye n'indwara ya Alzheimer zingana.

4. Gupima amaraso: Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwagaragaje ko ibizamini bimwe na bimwe byo mu maraso bishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara ya Alzheimer binyuriye mu gupima ingano ya poroteyine runaka cyangwa ibipimo by'ibinyabuzima bifitanye isano n'iyo ndwara.

5. Gupima indwara: Kubera ko nta buryo bumwe bwo gupima indwara ya Alzheimer buhari, akenshi umuntu aba agomba gusuzuma niba nta zindi mpamvu zishobora gutuma umuntu agira ibimenyetso nk'iby'indwara yo kwibagirwa.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko indwara ya Alzheimer ishobora kugenzurwa neza nyuma y'urupfu hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'imyakura y'ubwonko.

Ariko, uburyo bwo gupima buriho ubu bushobora gutanga icyizere cyo hejuru cyo gupima indwara mu gihe umuntu akiri muzima.

Gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare ni iby'ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu atangire kuvurwa kandi ateganyirize igihe kizaza.

['Ibitabo']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Liu SS, Zhu SQ: [Correlation between Alzheimer disease and cataract]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2017, 53 (4): 314-316.

Gauthier S: Practical guidelines for the antemortem diagnosis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1985, 9 (5-6): 491-5.

Rubin R: New Test to Help Diagnose Alzheimer Disease. JAMA. 2022, 327 (23): 2281.

[Blood Based Biomarker for Optimization of Early and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2022, 90 (7-08): 326-335.

Kapp MB: Physicians' legal duties regarding the use of genetic tests to predict and diagnose Alzheimer disease. J Leg Med. 2000, 21 (4): 445-75.

Britschgi M, Wyss-Coray T: Blood protein signature for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2009, 66 (2): 161-5.

Volicer L, Berman SA, Cipolloni PB, Mandell A: Persistent vegetative state in Alzheimer disease. Does it exist? Arch Neurol. 1997, 54 (11): 1382-4.

Imabayashi E, Saitoh Y, Tsukamoto T, Sakata M, Takano H: Combination of Astrogliosis and Phosphorylated Tau for the Preclinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease Using 3-Dimensional Stereotactic Surface Projection Images With 18 F-THK5351. Clin Nucl Med. 2022, 47 (12): 1066-1068.

Martínez A, Lahiri DK, Giacobini E, Greig NH: Advances in Alzheimer therapy: understanding pharmacological approaches to the disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2009, 6 (2): 83-5.

['Icyitonderwa: ubuvuzi']

["Uru rubuga rwashyiriweho kwigisha abantu no kubaha amakuru gusa, ntirutanga inama ku birebana n'ubuvuzi cyangwa ngo rukore nk'ikigo gitanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi."]

["Amakuru atangwa n'iyi porogaramu ntagomba gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma cyangwa kuvura ikibazo cy'uburwayi cyangwa indwara runaka, kandi abashaka inama z'ubuvuzi bagombye kugisha inama umuganga ubifitiye uburenganzira."]

['Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga nkoranyambaga zitanga ibisubizo kubibazo, ntabwo zifite ukuri mugihe kijyanye numubare. Kurugero, umubare wabantu basanzwemo indwara runaka.']

["Buri gihe ujye usaba inama umuganga wawe cyangwa undi muntu wemewe mu bijyanye n'ubuzima ku bijyanye n'uburwayi. Ntuzigere wirengagiza inama z'abaganga cyangwa ngo utinde kuzisaba bitewe n'ikintu wasomye kuri uru rubuga. Niba utekereza ko ufite ikibazo cyihutirwa, hamagara 911 cyangwa ujye ku ivuriro rikwegereye. Nta mubano hagati y'umuganga n'umurwayi ukorwa n'uru rubuga cyangwa ikoreshwa ryarwo. Yaba BioMedLib cyangwa abakozi bayo, cyangwa undi muntu wese wagize uruhare kuri uru rubuga, nta gihamya batanga, yaba igaragara cyangwa itagaragara, ku bijyanye n'amakuru atangwa hano cyangwa ikoreshwa ryayo."]

["Ibirego: uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi"]

["Itegeko ryo mu 1998 ryerekeye uburenganzira bw'ibihumbi by'ibihumbi by'ibihumbi by'ibihumbi, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) ritanga ubujurire ku bafite uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi bemera ko ibintu bigaragara kuri interineti bibangamira uburenganzira bwabo hakurikijwe amategeko y'uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi muri Amerika. "]

['Niba wemera ko ibintu cyangwa ibikoresho byashyizwe ku rubuga rwacu cyangwa serivisi bitubahiriza uburenganzira bwawe, wowe (cyangwa umuhagarariye) ushobora kutwoherereza ubutumwa udusaba ko ibyo bintu cyangwa ibikoresho bikurwaho, cyangwa ko utabikoresha.']

['Itangazo rigomba koherezwa mu nyandiko kuri interineti (reba ahanditse "Kwitaba" kugira ngo ubone aderesi ya interineti). ']

["DMCA isaba ko imenyesha ryawe ry'ikirego cyo kuvutswa uburenganzira rikubiyemo amakuru akurikira: (1) ibisobanuro by'igikorwa kirengera uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi kivugwaho kuvutswa uburenganzira; (2) ibisobanuro by'ibikubiyemo bivugwa ko ari ukurenga ku mategeko n'amakuru ahagije atuma dushobora kubona ibikubiyemo; (3) amakuru yo kuguhamagaraho, harimo aderesi yawe, nomero ya terefone na aderesi imeyiri; (4) inyandiko yawe ivuga ko ufite icyizere ko ibikubiyemo mu buryo bwatanzwe nta burenganzira bifite na nyiri uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi, cyangwa umukozi we, cyangwa mu mategeko ayo ari yo yose; "]

["(5) inyandiko yawe isinyweho, uhanishwa kubeshya, yemeza ko amakuru ari mu itangazo ari ukuri kandi ko ufite ububasha bwo kurengera uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi uvugwaho kubwamburwa; "]

["kandi (6) umukono usanzwe cyangwa wa elegitoroniki w'ufite uburenganzira ku nyandiko cyangwa uw'umuntu wabiherewe uburenganzira bwo gukora mu izina ry'ufite uburenganzira ku nyandiko. "]

['Kudatanga amakuru yose yavuzwe haruguru bishobora gutuma ikibazo cyawe gitinda gukemurwa.']

['Uko twavugana na we']

['Ohereza imeri ikibazo / igitekerezo.']

How is alzheimer diagnosed?

Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed through a combination of methods, including a thorough medical evaluation, cognitive and neuropsychological tests, brain imaging, and the process of elimination of other possible causes.

1. Medical evaluation: A doctor will perform a physical examination and take a detailed medical history to rule out other possible causes of memory loss or cognitive decline, such as thyroid problems, vitamin deficiencies, or brain tumors.

2. Cognitive and neuropsychological tests: These tests assess memory, language, problem-solving, and other cognitive functions to determine the extent of cognitive impairment and to differentiate between normal age-related memory loss and dementia.

3. Brain imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans can help identify structural changes in the brain that may indicate Alzheimer's disease.

Positron emission tomography (PET) scans can also be used to measure the levels of certain proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease.

4. Blood tests: Recent research has shown that certain blood tests can help diagnose Alzheimer's disease by measuring the levels of specific proteins or biomarkers associated with the disease.

5. Process of elimination: Since there is no single definitive test for Alzheimer's disease, diagnosis often involves ruling out other possible causes of dementia-like symptoms.

It is important to note that a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can only be made after death through an examination of brain tissue.

However, current diagnostic methods can provide a high level of certainty for a clinical diagnosis while the person is still alive.

Early diagnosis is important for starting treatment and planning for the future.

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Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.

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