Jarabtǝwa anyiye banaza awowa donyi kansa kǝrǝnbe fǝlezayin ma alama kuliwa tumoye so nǝm kǝrǝn be so asutin.
3. Sputum cytology: Samfur nәm njitәbe (luworam suro kәrәngye lan tutuluwunama) dә microscope lan kulastәgә cellula kansabe matә nankaro.
4. Biopsy: Tiyi kǝmatǝbe lan alama la tiyi kǝmatǝbe lan tutuluyin microscope lan kulashi donyi kansa cells be mbeji ro asutǝbe.
Adǝ bronchoscopy men, needle biopsy men, au surgical biopsy men tǝdin.
5. Bronchoscopy: Zawal gana laa konnuye mbeji foto gotabe daata men ngulondo ro cistaye au cinna ro daji ngawuro kalaktə men zawal kasamye-a kange-a kulastəro.
Duluwu adǝma dǝye faidatǝ lan samfurra tiyibe biopsy nankaro gotǝyin.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): Liula sǝnana laa suro kǝrǝnbe lan gǝrǝtin alama cell laa gǝrtǝbe lan kulashi nankaro.
7. Thoracentesis: Nji sǝnana mbeji na suro kǝmatǝrnyibe-a karǝgǝbe-a yen kǝlawu lan sha allamtǝ men tutuluyin, daji nji suro dǝ lan cancer cells mbeji ro kulasǝyin.
8. Kulashi buye: Sa kulashi buye tilonzә lan kansa kansabe tәmatәyimba yaye, shiye banazәgә nәlewa kam dondibe asutin kuru awo laa kansa mbeji ma fəlejin.
9. Bone scan, MRI, pet scan, kuru kulashiwa gade: Kulashiwa adǝ lan kansa dǝ nasha gadero tartǝna wa notǝro faidatǝin.
Sa kansa kansa kǝrmube asutin dǝn, jarabtǝwa gade so tǝdin raktǝ katapwa kansabe notǝro, shi doni katapwa kurunbe notǝro banazǝyin ma.
Jarabtǝwa anyibe suron jarabtǝ fotobe gade so mbeji, jili CT scan kǝrǝnbe-a, shila ngawobe-a, au positron emission tomography (PET) scan-a.
Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B: A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb). 2020, 56 (63): 8968-8971.
Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.
Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
['Kәlanzәma ro cistәgә: liita']
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['Martәne netәram kәrәnbe do korowa dә ro jawawu suwudin dә, taganasmaro kalkal gәnyi sa lamba isәna dәn. Misallo, nәm nguwu am doni kwasa laa taganasbe shiro asuzana ma.']
["Sambi so ro shawari kam litari nәm au kam gade nasha nәlewabe nozәna ma ye la'atar ro matәne. Shawari kam litaribe nozәna ma ro tәmmaro hangal gәnyi gәnane au sha matә lan loktu gozәnyi awo laa website adәn kәrәnәmma yen. Nyiye kurun nәlewabe batәrammin maa, talfon 911 lan buwoze au njim liwalabe karungu ma ro lenәme. Alaka nәlewa-a dondibe ba ma tuwandin web site adә men au shilan faidatәmen. BioMedLib-a cidawunzә-a, au kam do web site adә ro banazәyin-aye, affima bayanzәna au manazәna ma sadimba, bayanwa suro adәben tuwandin au shilan faidatәmen."]
['Suro nәm kәla nәm ngәla yen awo laa au kare laa kәla intanetndeyen au cidawandeyen mbejiye hakku nәm kakkadi ruotәbe nyiro kalzәna ma ye mbeji maa, nyi (au wakkilnәm) andero watiya zuwune awo au kare dә tutuluwu, au na dәro nazәgә dә tutuluwu.']
["Zande so dә ruwo lan zuzaiya, email men (adәretәm emailye dә nasha 'Lam'atarro manәmin)"]
['DMCA ye məradənzə bayan kəla nzətkawo kərmaabedəbe bayanwa anyi surodən mbejiro: (1) bayan kəla cida nzətkawobe dunonzə dunonzə kaltəgəbe dunonzə kaltəgəbe; (2) bayan kəla awoa zortəbe dunonzə kaltəgəbe dunonzə kuru bayan kəzəkə andeya səkə awoadəga fandəmin; (3) bayan kəlanəm lamba fantəbe, suro nzəranəm-a, lamba telehonbe-a kuru email-be-a; (4) bayan kəlanəmbe kəla nyiye tawatkənənde kəla awoa zortəbe dunonzə kaltəgəbe dunonzəye dunonzəye səkə au wakilinzəye, au shara laabe səkə; ']
['(5) bayan nyima, kalima jirebero, ruwotәgәna, bayan suro watiyade dә kalkalzәna kuru nyiye hakku kәlanzәbe hakkuwa ləbtәma soye warmatәgәbe dәga nonәmma;']
['kuru (6) mukko dunowa au lantarkibe hakkiwa ləbtamabe au kam laaye wakil zəben cida sədənabe. ']
['Bayanna samibe samma kәltәgә nyiye mowonzә zәktә lamar buruwunәmye gәrәmin.']
['Lǝtǝram']
['Martәne ande ro watiya emailye lan koro/shawari laa manane.']
How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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