L'orticaria, conosciua ascì comme orticaia, a l"é unna condiçion da pelle caratterizzâ da l'appariçion de verghe rosse, che fan prurito e che s'ingrossan in sciâ pelle.
A peu ëse caxonâ da unna varietæ de fattoî, compreiso de reaçioin allergiche, infeçioin e çerti farmaci.
A diagnosi de l'urticaria a comprende unna combinaçion de stöia da mouttia, un exame fixico e de vòtte de reçerche de laboratöio.
1. Stöia da sanitæ: O mego o domandâ a stöia da sanitæ do paçiente, compreiso tutte e allergie conosciue, e mouttie de reçente e i farmaci piggiæ.
Lô domandan ascì quande i scintomi son comensæ, pe quante tempo e quæ son e poscibile cause.
2. exame fixico: o mego o l'esaminerà a pelle pe vedde se gh'é de marotte, a seu dimenscion e distribuçion.
Peuan ascì controllâ se gh'é di atri segni de unna reaçion allergica, comme un gonfiô do viso, di labbri ò da lengua.
3. reçerche de laboratöio: inte çerti caxi, o mego o peu ordinâ de reçerche do sangue pe verificâ a presensa de allergie ò infeçioin.
Pe identificâ di allergeni particolæ se peu fâ ascì de preuve in sciâ pelle, comme unna preuva de piggiâ inta pelle ò unna preuva de patch.
4. Test di allergii: se o mego o sospetta unna reaçion allergica, o peu mandâ o paçiente à un allergologo pe di atri test.
Sto chì o peu comprende de preuve de prexon in sciâ pelle, de preuve de patch ò de preuve de sangue pe identificâ di allergeni particolæ.
5. diagnosi differençiâ: o mego o tegnià ascì in conscideraçion de atre poscibile caxoin di scintomi, comme de atre condiçioin da pelle ò de condiçioin de mouttia sottostanti, e o peu ordinâ de reçerche in ciù pe escludde ste chì.
6. Test de provocaçion: inti caxi de urticaria fixica, donde l'erco o ven provocou da di stimoli fixichi comme o cado, o freido ò a prescion, o mego o peu fâ un test de provocaçion pe confermâ a diagnosi.
Sto chì o l'implica l'espoxiçion da pelle a-o stimolo sospetto pe vedde se se verifica unna reaçion.
7. testi autoimmuni: inti caxi de urticaria crònica, o mego o peu ordinâ de preuve pe verificâ se gh'é de mouttie autoimmuni, dæto che de vòtte ste chì peuan caxonâ a condiçion.
8. exammi de imaging: inte di caxi rari, peuan ëse ordinæ di exammi de imaging comme unna radiografia ò unna tomografia computerizzâ pe escludde de atre condiçioin che peuan caxonâ di scintomi scimile.
Pe commun, a diagnosi de l'urticaria a comprende unna combinaçion de stöia da mouttia, de l'esame fixico e de vòtte de reçerche de laboratöio.
L'obiettivo o l'é de identificâ a caxon sottî e determinâ a megio mainea de trattâ o paçiente.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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