Dikke darmkanker weurt gediagnosticeerd door 'n combinatie vaan tests en procedures, die kinne oonder mie:
1. Fysiek oonderzeuk: 'ne Dokter zal 'n fysiek oonderzeuk oetveure um te kieke of d'r abnormaliteite of teikes vaan 'n ziekte zien.
2. Bloedonderzeuke: Bloedonderzeuke kinne helpe bepaole of d'r abnormaliteite in 't blood zien die kinne aonwieze op de aonwezigheid vaan kanker.
3. Stoelgangstests: 'n Stoelgangstest kin de aonwezigheid vaan blood in de stoelgang opspoore, wat 'n teiken kin zien vaan darmkanker.
4. Colonoscopie: Dit is 'n procedure boebij 'n dunne, flexibele buis mèt 'n lamp en camera aon 't eind in 't rectum weurt gezat um de dikke darm te oonderzeuke.
Tijdens 'n colonoscopie kin de dokter ouch weefselmonsters numme (biopsies) um te oonderzeuke nao kankercelle.
5. Sigmoïdoscopie: Net wie bij 'n colonoscopie weurt bij 'n sigmoïdoscopie 't oonderdeil vaan de dikke darm oonderzeuk.
6. Virtuele colonoscopie: Dit is 'n CT-scan vaan de dikke darm die 'n 3D-beeld vaan de dikke darm en de endeldarm creëert.
7. Fecale occult blood test: Deze test controleert op de aonwezigheid vaan blood in de stool, wat kin aonwieze op de aonwezigheid vaan kanker.
8. Double-contrast barium klysma: Dit is 'n röntgenonderzeuk vaan de dikke darm en de endeldarm, boebij 'n contrasmateriaol weurt gebruuk um abnormaliteite te bewies.
9. Biopsie: 'n Biopsie is 't oonttrèkke vaan 'n klein hoeveelheid weefsel oet de dikke darm veur oonderzeuk oonder 'n microscoop um vas te stèlle of dao kankercelle aonwezig zien.
10. Beeldtests: CT-scan's, MRI-scan's en röntgenfoto's vaan de borst kinne weure gebruuk um vas te stèlle of de kanker zich heet verspreid nao aander deile vaan 't lief.
Es de diagnose darmkanker is gemaak, bepaolt de dokter 't stadium vaan de kanker, wat de bèste behandeling bepaolt.
De stadia weure bepaald op basis vaan de groete en de ligking vaan de tumor, en of ze ziech nao aander deile vaan 't lief heet verspreid.
Su Y, Tian X, Gao R, Guo W, Chen C, Chen C, Jia D, Li H, Lv X: Colon cancer diagnosis and staging classification based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med. 2022, 145 (): 105409.
Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.
Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.
Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.
Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.
Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.
Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.
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How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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