L'urticaria, cognossuda anca cuma orticaria, l"è una condizion de la pell caratterizada de l'aparenza de verget ross, pruriginos e gonfi in de la pell.
La pœl vesser causada de una varietà de fattur, includ reazion allergich, infezion e certi medegh.
La diagnosi de l'urticaria la coinvolge una combinazion de storia medica, esami fisich e di volt test de laboratori.
1. Storia medica: El dutur el dumandarà la storia medica del pazient, cumprend ogni allergia cognossuda, malatie recenti e medicament ciapaa.
I g'han anca de dumandà quand i sintom i g'han cumincià, per quant temp i g'han durà e qual-sa-vœlta che i g'ha pœu causà.
2. Esame fisico: El dutur el esaminarà la pel per la presenza de lividi, la so dimensiun e la so distribuziun.
Pœden anca controllar per olter segn de una reazion allergica, cuma gonfior de la facia, di labbra o de la lengua.
3. Esami de lavuratòri: In certi cas, el dutur el pœl ordinar esami de sangh per verificà la presenza de allergie o infezion.
I test de la pell, cuma un test de puntura de la pell o un test de patch, pœden vesser anca fats per identificà di allergen specifeg.
4. Test de allergia: Se el dutur el sospetta una reazion allergica, el pœl riferir el pazient a un allergista per olter test.
Chestu pœl includer test de puntura de la pel, test de patch o test de sangh per identificà allergeni specifeg.
5. Diagnosi diferenzial: El dutur el considerarà anca olter pusibil caus di sintom, cuma olter condizion de la pell o di condizion medich de fond, e 'l pudarà ordinar olter test per escludì questi.
6. Test de provocaziun: In di cas de urticaria fisica, induè che i orticari sun scatenà da stimul fisich cuma el calur, el frecc o la pression, el dutur al pœl fà un test de provocaziun per confermà la diagnosi.
Chestu el cumprend espuner la pel a quel che se sospetta che l'è el fattur de reazion per vedè se la se verifica una reazion.
7. Test autoimmun: ind i cas de urticaria cronica, el dutur el pœl ordinar di test per verificà i disturb autoimmun, vist che qei qei qei i pœl a volt causar la condizion.
8. Esami de imaging: In di cas rar, i esami de imaging cuma i ragg X o la tomografia i pœden vesser ordinaa per esclud olter condizion qe pœden causar sintomi simil.
In general, la diagnosi de l'urticaria la coinvolge una combinazion de storia medica, esami fisich e di volt test de laboratori.
L'obietiv l"è de identificà la causa e de determinà la migliore cura per el pazient.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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