1. Taksa endikna: Doctor chuan natna emaw, thil dang lama danglamna emaw a awm leh awm loh hriat nân taksa endikna a nei ang.
2. Thisen enfiah: Thisen enfiahna chuan cancer a awm tih târ lang thei thil danglamna a awm leh awm loh hriat nân a ṭanpui thei a.
3. Thisen chhuahna: Thisen chhuahna chu thisen awm leh awm loh hriat nân a endik theih a, chu chu pum cancer a ni thei.
4. Colonoscopy: Hei hi chuap zûk fiah nân rectum chhûngah tube hniam tak, a tâwpa êng leh camera awm chu thun luh a ni.
Chu bâkah, doctor chuan cancer cells awm leh awm loh hriat nân a taksa aṭangin tissue sample (biopsy) a la thei bawk.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Colonoscopy ang bawkin, sigmoidoscopy chuan pum chhûng lam chu a enfiah a.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: Hei hi chu CT scan hmanga pum chhûng leh pum chhûnga thil awmte 3D-a hmuh theih a ni.
7. Thisen awm lo enfiah: He enfiahnaah hian cancer a awm leh awm loh târ lang thei, thihna awm leh awm loh enfiah a ni.
8. Barium enema: Hei hi chu a taksaa thil awmte hmuh chhuah nân barium enema hman a ni a.
9. Thlai chi lak chhuahna: Thlai chi lak chhuahna chu cancer cells a awm leh awm loh hriat nân microscope hmanga enfiah nâna colon aṭanga thlai chi tlemte lâk chhuahna a ni.
10. Imaging test: CT scan, MRI scan, leh chest x-ray te chu cancer chu taksa pêng danga a darh leh darh loh hriat nân hman a ni thei a.
Chhulpui cancer a nih tih an hriat chhuah veleh, doctor chuan cancer dinhmun tûr a lo sawi ang a, chu chuan a enkawl dân tûr ṭha ber a hriat theihtîr ang.
A ṭhan len dân chu a ṭhan len dân leh a awmna hmun azirin a ni a, taksa pêng danga a darh leh darh loh azirin a ni bawk.
Su Y, Tian X, Gao R, Guo W, Chen C, Chen C, Jia D, Li H, Lv X: Colon cancer diagnosis and staging classification based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med. 2022, 145 (): 105409.
Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.
Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.
Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.
Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.
Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.
Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.
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How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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