2. Tingkek kolesterol tinggi: Tingkek kolesterol LDL (jahek) nan tinggi jo kadar kolesterol HDL (baik) nan randah dapek maningkekkan risiko sarangan jantung.
3. Tekanan darah tinggi: Tekanan darah tinggi nan indak dikontrol dapek marusak arteri jo maningkekan risiko sarangan jantung.
4. Diabetes: Urang nan punyo diabetes labiah barisiko dapek sarangan jantung karano karusakan nan dapek tajadi pado pambuluah darah dek gulo darah nan tinggi.
5. Taba atau taba: Taba dapek maningkekan risiko sarangan jantuang dek manimbuakan faktor risiko lain sarupo takanan darah tinggi jo diabetes.
6. Indak olahraga: Kurang olahraga dapek manyababan panyakik jantuang jo maningkekan risiko sarangan jantuang.
7. Mamak: Mamak adolah faktor risiko utamo untuak sarangan jantung, karano marusak pambuluah darah jo maningkekan risiko pambekuan darah.
12. Kondisi otoimun: Kondisi sarupo lupus jo rheumatoid arthritis dapek maningkekan risiko panyakik jantung pado padusi.
13. Masalah kasihatan nan bakaik jo kahamilan: Wanita nan manganduang diabetes gestasional atau hipertensi salamo kahamilan mampunyoi risiko nan labiah tinggi untuak manganduang panyakik jantung pado maso salanjuiknyo.
14. Tingkek estrogen nan randah: Padusi nan alah malalui menopause atau alah histerektomi punyo tingkek estrogen nan randah, nan dapek maningkek risiko panyakik jantungnyo dibandiangan jo padusi nan alun malalui proses iko.
Paralu diingek baso samantaro babarapo faktor risiko, sarupo umua jo sijarah kaluarga, indak dapek diubah, banyak nan lain dapek dikalola malalui parubahan gaya hiduik jo intervensi medis.
Cek rutin, manjago pola makan nan sehat, olahraga taruih, baranti marokok, jo maubek panyakik kronis sarupo tekanan darah tinggi jo diabetes dapek mambantu mangurangi risiko sarangan jantung.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.
Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.
Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.
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What are the risk factors for heart attack?
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
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