Go swarwa ke pelo go lemogwa ka go kopanya histori ya tša kalafo ya molwetši, tlhahlobo ya mmele le diteko tša go hlahloba.
Diteko tše di tlwaelegilego tša go hlahloba tšeo di dirišwago go hlahloba tlhaselo ya pelo di akaretša:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): Teko ye e ela modiro wa mohlagase wa pelo gomme e ka utolla go se tlwaelege mo go ka bontšhago tlhaselo ya pelo.
2. Diteko tša madi: Diteko tša madi di ka lekanya tekanyo ya di-enzyme le diproteine tše itšego tšeo di ntšhetšwago mading ge seširo sa pelo se gobetše.
Diteko tša madi tšeo di tlwaelegilego kudu tšeo di dirišwago go hwetša bolwetši bja pelo ke diteko tša troponin le creatine kinase (CK-MB).
3. Echocardiogram: Teko ye e diriša maphoto a modumo go tšweletša seswantšho se se sepelago sa pelo, seo se ka thušago dingaka go hlahloba go šoma ga pelo le go hlaola dikarolo le ge e le dife tšeo di senyegilego.
4. Coronary angiography: Teko ye e akaretša go hlabelwa ga seela sa go fetola mmala ditšhikeng tša pelo le go tšea diswantšho tša X-ray go hlaola ditšhitišo le ge e le dife goba go pitlagana ga ditšhika.
5. CT goba MRI ya pelo: Diteko tše tša go bontšha diswantšho di ka nea diswantšho tše di tseneletšego tša pelo le ditšhika tša yona tša madi, tšeo di ka thušago dingaka go lemoga tshenyo le ge e le efe goba ditšhitišo.
6. Teko ya kgateletšo: Teko ye e akaretša go itšhidulla mo go dirišwago motšhene wa go kitima goba paesekele e emelago mola pelo e beilwe leihlo go bona kamoo e arabelago kgateletšong ka gona.
E ka thuša go hlaola go se šome gabotse le ge e le gofe ga pelo.
7. Go tsenya catheter ya pelo: Teko ye e akaretšago go tsena ga catheter ka gare ga tšhika ya madi ka letsogong goba leotong gomme ya e iša pelong.
Ka morago go tsenywa mmala ditšhikeng tša pelo go bona ge e ba go na le ditšhitišo goba go pitlagana.
Go kopanywa ga diteko tše gotee le maswao a molwetši le histori ya tša kalafo, go ka thuša dingaka go lemoga bolwetši bja pelo le go kgetha kalafo e kaone.
Narcisse MR, Rowland B, Long CR, Felix H, McElfish PA: Heart Attack and Stroke Symptoms Knowledge of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the United States: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey. Health Promot Pract. 2021, 22 (1): 122-131.
Atar D: [How to diagnose a heart attack in 2012?]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012, 132 (3): 265-6.
Kriszbacher I, Bódis J, Boncz I, Koppan A, Koppan M: The time of sunrise and the number of hours with daylight may influence the diurnal rhythm of acute heart attack mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 140 (1): 118-20.
New ultrafast MRI promises faster diagnosis of heart attack and stroke. J Cardiovasc Manag. , 10 (5): 17-9.
Duijts SFA, van der Beek AJ, Bleiker EMA, Smith L, Wardle J: Cancer and heart attack survivors' expectations of employment status: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMC Public Health. 2017, 17 (1): 640.
Kriszbacher I, Csoboth I, Boncz I, Bódis J: [The daily rhythm of heart attack morbidity and mortality may be influenced by the time of sunrise]. Orv Hetil. 2008, 149 (46): 2183-7.
['Boikano: bja tša kalafo']
['Wepesaete ye e neetšwe feela bakeng sa go ruta le go nea tsebišo gomme ga e nee keletšo ya tša kalafo goba ditirelo tša tša kalafo.']
['Tsebišo yeo e neilwego ga se ya swanela go dirišwa bakeng sa go hlahloba goba go alafa bothata bja tša maphelo goba bolwetši, gomme bao ba nyakago keletšo ya tša kalafo ya motho ka noši ba swanetše go boledišana le ngaka yeo e nago le tumelelo.']
['Ka kgopelo lemoga gore netweke ya methapo yeo e tšweletšago dikarabo tša dipotšišo, ga e nepagale kudu ge go tliwa go diteng tša dinomoro. Ka mohlala, palo ya batho bao ba hweditšwego ba na le bolwetši bjo bo itšego.']
['Ka mehla nyaka keletšo ya ngaka ya gago goba mofani yo mongwe wa tlhokomelo ya tša maphelo yo a nago le bokgoni mabapi le boemo bja tša kalafo. Le ka mohla o se ke wa hlokomologa keletšo ya tša kalafo goba wa diega go e nyaka ka baka la selo seo o se badilego wepesaeteng ye. Ge e ba o nagana gore o ka ba o le boemong bja tšhoganetšo bja tša kalafo, leletša 911 goba o ye phapošing ya tšhoganetšo ya kgauswi le wena kapejana. Ga go na tswalano ya ngaka le molwetši yeo e bopšago ke wepesaete ye goba go e diriša. BioMedLib goba bašomi ba yona, goba motho le ge e le ofe yo a tsenyago letsogo wepesaeteng ye, ga ba dire ditshepišo le ge e le dife, e ka ba tše di boletšwego ka go lebanya goba tše di sa hlaloswago gabotse, mabapi le tsebišo yeo e neilwego mo goba go e diriša.']
['Go se tšee karolo: tokelo ya ngwalollo']
['Molao wa Digital Millennium Copyright wa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) o nea baamogedi ba tokelo ya ngwalollo bao ba dumelago gore dilo tšeo di tšwelelago ka go Inthanete di tshwenyana le ditokelo tša bona ka tlase ga molao wa U.S. wa tokelo ya ngwalollo. ']
['Ge e ba o dumela ka potego gore diteng goba dilo tšeo di lego mabapi le wepesaete ya rena goba ditirelo di tshwenyana le tokelo ya gago ya go gatiša, wena (goba moemedi wa gago) o ka re romela tsebišo ya gore o kgopele gore diteng goba dilo tšeo di tlošwe goba gore o thibelwe go di fihlelela. ']
["Ditsebišo di swanetše go romelwa ka go ngwala ka emeile (lebelela karolo ya 'Kgokagano' go hwetša aterese ya emeile). "]
['DMCA e nyaka gore tsebišo ya gago ya go pharwa ga molao wa tokelo ya ngwalollo e akaretše tshedimošo ye e latelago: (1) tlhaloso ya mošomo wa tokelo ya ngwalollo wo o pharwago ka molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao.']
['(5) setatamente sa gago, seo se saennwego ka tlase ga kotlo ya go bolela maaka, gore tshedimošo yeo e lego tsebišong e nepagetše le gore o na le maatla a go phethagatša ditokelo tša mongwadi tšeo go thwego di a gatakelwa; ']
['le (6) tshaeno ya kgonthe goba ya elektroniki ya mong wa tokelo ya ngwalollo goba motho yo a dumeletšwego go dira legatong la mong wa tokelo ya ngwalollo. ']
['Go palelwa ke go akaretša tshedimošo ka moka ya ka godimo go ka dira gore go šongwa ga ngongorego ya gago go diege.']
['Go Ikgokaganya']
['Re romele imeile ka kgopelo le ge e le efe goba tšhišinyo.']
How is heart attack diagnosed?
A heart attack is diagnosed through a combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.
The most common diagnostic tests used to diagnose a heart attack include:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities that may indicate a heart attack.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins that are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.
The most common blood tests used to diagnose a heart attack are troponin and creatine kinase (CK-MB) tests.
3. Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create a moving image of the heart, which can help doctors assess the function of the heart and identify any areas of damage.
4. Coronary angiography: This test involves injecting a dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to identify any blockages or narrowing of the arteries.
5. Cardiac CT or MRI: These imaging tests can provide detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels, which can help doctors identify any damage or blockages.
6. Stress test: This test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while the heart is monitored to see how it responds to stress.
It can help identify any abnormalities in the heart's function.
7. Cardiac catheterization: This invasive test involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart.
Dye is then injected into the coronary arteries to identify any blockages or narrowing.
A combination of these tests, along with the patient's symptoms and medical history, can help doctors diagnose a heart attack and determine the best course of treatment.
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