How is Urticaria diagnosed?

Ɛŋu mi la jekɛ ɛ la urtikaria?

Urtikaria, mi̱ ŋa̱ckɛ bä cie ɣi̱rbi̱th, ɛ juey mi̱ te rɛy puɔ̱ny mi̱ nyooth rɔ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ kɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ luäŋ.

De jɛ tuɔɔk kɛ dup ti gööl, amäni̱ mi̱ ci̱ raan rɔ moc kɛ juey, juey, kɛnɛ wal ti̱ gööl.

Mi̱ ca jiek i̱ ɛ urtikaria laa matkɛ ni̱ wal tin ci̱ tuɔɔk ni̱ wal, guäc pua̱a̱ny, kɛnɛ thëm labörɛtɔri̱ tha̱a̱ŋ gua̱thni̱.

1.Thiɛ̈m: Bi̱ ki̱m thiec kɛ kui̱i̱ teekädɛ, amäni̱ tin ŋäcɛ kɛ kui̱i̱ jua̱th, jua̱th tëë ci̱ tuɔɔk ni̱ wal, kɛnɛ wal tëë cɛ ka̱n.

Kɛn bä bi̱ kɛ ji̱ thiec kɛ kui̱ kä mi̱ ci̱ nyuuthni̱ tuɔk, kɛ pek in ci̱ kɛ te thi̱n, kɛnɛ tin de ji̱ jakä bi̱ kɛ cu jiek.

2. Guäc pua̱a̱ny: Bi̱ ki̱thtörɛ guic ni̱ buɔ̱m pua̱a̱ny kɛ ɣöö bɛ guic mi̱ te kɛ buɔ̱m pua̱a̱ny, di̱tdɛ, kɛnɛ dääkdɛ.

Kɛn bä de kɛ guic kɛ nyuuthni tin kɔ̱ŋ tin nyoth ɣöö te kɛ juey, ce̱tkɛ mi̱ cie waŋ nhiam, thok, kiɛ lɛp.

3. Laböratöri̱ thɛmni̱: Rɛy tha̱a̱ŋ gua̱thni̱, dɔktɛr derɛ thɛmni̱ riɛm la̱t kɛ ɣöö bɛ jɛ guic mi̱ tekɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ̱ luäŋ kɛ luäŋ kiɛ mi̱ ci̱ rɔ̱ luäŋ kɛ luäŋ kɛ juey.

Thëm pua̱a̱ny, ce̱tkɛ thëm pua̱a̱ny kiɛ thëm gua̱a̱th in te pua̱a̱ny thi̱n, dɔ̱ŋ bä ba la̱t kɛ ɣöö ba tin laa jakɛ kä tekɛ juey ŋa̱c.

4. Ɣa̱lɛrji̱ thɛmni̱: Mi̱ ci̱ ki̱thtɔr ɛ car i̱ ɛ ɣa̱lɛrji̱, de kɛn ji̱ jua̱th jäk kä ɣa̱lɛrji̱thti̱ kɛ ɣöö ba thɛmni̱ kɔ̱kiɛn la̱t.

Nɛmɛ derɛ cu määni̱ thëm pua̱a̱ny, thëm pua̱a̱ny, kiɛ thëm riɛm kɛ ɣöö ba ji̱i̱n in jak ji̱i̱n kä tekɛ juey ŋa̱c.

5. Di̱ferɛncial di̱jagnɛth: Bi̱ ki̱thtɔr tin kɔ̱ŋ tin de tekɛ luɔt kä nyuuthni̱ guic, ce̱tkɛ jua̱th pua̱a̱ny tin kɔ̱ŋ kiɛ jua̱th tin kɔ̱ŋ, kä derɛ thëm kɔ̱kiɛn la̱t kɛ ɣöö bɛ kɛ ŋa̱c.

6. Thëm in laa thɛmkɛ: Mi̱ ci̱ raan tekɛ juey mi̱ laa tuɔɔkɛ ɛ la juey mi̱ laa bëë kɛ ɣöö bɛ ji̱ëk, ciee kɛ lëth, kiɛ kɔ̱c, ki̱m in laa thɛmkɛ jɛ kɛ juey ɛmɔ, dɔ̱ŋ derɛ thɛm mi̱ laa thɛmkɛ kɛ jɛ kɛ ɣöö bɛ jɛ ŋa̱c.

Nɛmɛ matdɛ ɣöö ba puɔ̱nydɛ jakä te rɛy gua̱th in ca car i̱ bɛ ji̱ jakä bi̱ cuc kɛ ɣöö ba guic mi̱ bi̱ cuc.

7. Ɣɔ̱ɔ̱n kɛ thëm pua̱a̱ny: Rɛy gua̱th in ci̱ tuɔm pua̱a̱ny rɔ rep, dɔ̱ktɛr derɛ thɛm lɛp kɛ ɣöö bɛ jiek kɛ kui̱ jua̱th pua̱a̱ny, kɛ ɣöö kɛn gua̱thni̱ kɔ̱kiɛn de kɛn ɛ jakä bɛc.

8. Thɛmni̱ tin laa guɛckɛ ta̱a̱ pua̱a̱ny ran: Rɛy gua̱thni̱ ti̱ tɔt, thɛmni̱ tin laa guɛckɛ ta̱a̱ pua̱a̱ny ran ce̱tkɛ X-ray kiɛ CT scan dɔ̱ŋ dëë kɛ la̱th lät kɛ ɣöö ba jiek ɛn ɣöö tëëkɛ jua̱th kɔ̱kiɛn ti̱ dee naath jakä tekɛ jua̱th ti̱ cäät kɛ tɔ̱tɔ̱.

Kɛɛ kɛɛliw, ɛn thɛm kä urtikaria laa matɛ ni̱ wal tëë ci̱ tuɔɔk ni̱ wal, kɛ guäc pua̱a̱ny, kɛnɛ thëm labörɛtɔri̱ tha̱a̱ŋ gua̱thni̱.

Min görkɛ ɛ ɣöö ba min jak juey kä bɛc jek kä ba ji̱ëk kɛ duɔ̱ɔ̱p in gɔaa ni jɛn.

['Kuënɛ']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .

Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.

Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .

Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.

Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.

Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.

['Lät kɛ kui̱i̱ jua̱thni̱']

['Ɛn wɛbthaay ɛmɛ ca la̱th lät kɛ kui̱ ŋi̱i̱cä kɛnɛ läri kä /cɛ lot ni ɣöö ba ji̱ moc kɛ luäk ki̱mä kiɛ lät ti̱ gööl.']

['Lät kɛ läri tin ca ŋun /ca kɛ bi̱ lät kɛ ɣöö ba jua̱th jek kiɛ ba kɛ ciɛŋ, kä nɛy tin görkɛ luäk ki̱mädiɛn kärɔ̱ ba kɛ thiec kä ki̱m mi̱ tekɛ luäk ki̱mä.']

['Guic ɛ gɔaa ɛn ɣöö ɛn neural net min jak luɔc kä thie̱cni̱, /cɛ thuɔ̱k ɛlɔ̱ŋ mi̱ ci̱ ben kä nämbäri̱ tin te thi̱n. cetkɛ pek nath tin ca jek kɛ juey mi̱ rɛlrɔ.']

['Ni ciaŋ go̱ri ruac kä ki̱mdu kiɛ ram in kɔ̱ŋ mi ŋäc luäk pua̱a̱ny kɛ kui̱ jua̱thdu. /Cu ruac ki̱mdu car kiɛ jääny kɛ go̱ri kɛ kui̱ kä mi ci kuɛn kä wɛbthaay ɛmɛ. Mi caari jɛ ɛn ɣöö deri tekɛ juey mi go̱o̱ri luäk, cɔl 911 kiɛ wër guäth in thia̱k kɛ ji kɛ pɛ̈th. /Thilɛ maar kam ki̱m kɛnɛ juey mi bi̱ tuɔɔk kɛ kui̱ kä wɛbthaay ɛmɛ kiɛ la̱tdɛ. /Ci̱ BioMedLib kiɛ la̱a̱tkɛ, kiɛ ram in gɔ̱a̱r kɛ kui̱ kä wɛbthaay ɛmɛ, bi̱ ruac lat, kiɛ bi̱ ruac lat, kɛ kui̱ läri tin ca ka̱m raar rɛydɛ kiɛ la̱tdɛ.']

['Lät kɛ: ŋuɔ̱t']

['Ɛn Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (ɛ DMCA) ɛ ŋuɔ̱t mi̱ ŋun ji̱ cuŋni̱ tin ŋääth kɛn ɣöö ci̱ ŋɔaani̱ tin te kä intɛrnɛt ŋuɔ̱tkiɛn to̱l kɛ kui̱ ŋuɔ̱tni̱ cuŋni̱ tin te kä U.S.']

['Mi ca ji̱ ŋäth kɛ thuɔ̱k ɛn ɣöö tëëkɛ mi̱ ca gɔ̱r kiɛ mi̱ ca ka̱m ji̱ rɛy wɛbthaayäda kiɛ lät tin kɔ̱ŋ tin ci̱ ŋuɔ̱t tin ca gɔ̱r ya̱r, ji̱n (kiɛ ram in lät kɛ kui̱du) deri̱ kɔ jäk kä warɛgak mi̱ bi̱ ji̱ thiec ɛn ɣöö ba min ca gɔ̱r kiɛ min ca gɔ̱r woc, kiɛ ba duɔ̱ɔ̱r la̱t kɛ ɣöö bi̱ ji̱ cop thi̱n.']

['Kɛn läri̱ ba kɛ jäk kɛ wargak ɛ la i̱thtäm (guic ni̱ gua̱th in ci̱ i̱thtäm in ca gɔ̱r "Kɔntak" kɛ kui̱ i̱thtäm in ci̱ jäk).']

['DMCA go̱o̱rɛ ɣöö bi̱ ji̱n warɛgakdu lat kɛ kui̱ kä tin ca lar i̱ ci̱ ŋuɔ̱t gɛr kɛ kui̱i̱ ŋuɔ̱tni̱ gɔ̱rä mat thi̱n kɛ läär ti̱ti̱: (1) latdɛ kɛ kui̱i̱ la̱t in ca gɛr kɛ kui̱i̱ ŋuɔ̱tni̱ gɔ̱rä min ca lar i̱ ca gɛr; (2) latdɛ kɛ kui̱i̱ kä tin ca lar i̱ ci̱ ŋuɔ̱t gɛr kɛnɛ läär ti̱ ro̱ŋ kɛ ɣöö bi̱ kɔn kɛ jek; (3) läri̱ kɛ kui̱i̱ kä min dëë ji̱ luäk kɛ jek, amäni̱ ci̱ötdu, nämbärɛ kä tin ci̱ ji̱ luäk kɛ jek, kɛnɛ emaildu; (4) latdu kɛ ɣöö ci̱ ji̱n ɛ ŋa̱c ɛn ɣöö min ca gɔ̱r kɛ kui̱i̱ kä tin ca lar /ci̱kɛ bi̱ lät kɛ luäkdɛ ɛ gua̱n ŋuɔ̱tni̱ gɔ̱rä, kiɛ ɛ la̱tdɛ, kiɛ kɛ luäk ŋuɔ̱tni̱; ']

['(5) mi ci ji gɔr piny kɛ kuic kä ɣöö bi ji ruac kɛ thuɔ̱k, ɛn ɣöö läri tin ca gɔr ɛ thuɔ̱k kä te ji kɛ lua̱ŋ kɛ ɣöö bi yiöw tin ca gɔr piny tin ca lar ɛ ji̱n ka̱m raar;']

['kɛnɛ (6) mi̱ ca gɔ̱r piny ɛ gua̱n ŋuɔ̱tni̱ kiɛ ram mi̱ tekɛ lua̱ŋ kɛ lät kɛ kui̱dɛ.']

['Mi /kenɛ läri tin ca lat nhial diaal mat thi̱n dɔ̱ŋ derɛ ku lɛ wɔ̱ jɔ̱ɔ̱r kɛ lätni̱ kɛ kɛ.']

['Röm kɛ jɛ']

['Thiecɛ kɔ kɛ email kɛ thiecni kiɛ cär.']

How is urticaria diagnosed?

Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.

It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.

Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.

1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.

They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.

2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.

They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.

3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.

Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.

4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.

This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.

5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.

6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.

This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.

7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.

8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.

Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.

The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.

Disclaimer: medical

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