L'urticària es una malautiá de la pèl caracterizada per l'apareisson de verruga, picor e lassanhas.
Pòt èsser causada per diferents factors, coma reaccions allergicas, infeccions, e de medicaments.
Lo diagnostic de l'urticària consistís en una combinason de l'istòria medicala, l'examen fisic, e a vegada los tèsts de laboratòri.
1. Istoric medical: Lo mètge demandarà l'istòria medicala del pacient, amb las allergias conegudas, malautiás recentas, e medicaments pres.
Tanben vos demandarà sus l'aparicion dels simptòmas, lor durada e quina es la causa possibla.
2. Examèn fisic: Lo mètge examinarà la pèl per la preséncia de las marcas, lor talha, e distribucion.
Tanben pòdon verificar per d'autres signes de reaccion allergica, coma una tumefaccion de la cara, dels pòts o de la lenga.
3. Tèsts de laboratòri: dins unes cases, lo mètge pòt demandar de tèsts de sang per verificar la preséncia d'allergias o infeccions.
De tèsts de la pèl, coma un tèst de fissada o un tèst de pegatge, pòdon tanben èsser realizats per identificar d'allergèns especifics.
4. Tèst d'allergia: Se lo mètge suspècta una reaccion allergica, pòt mandar lo pacient a un allergista per un tèst suplementari.
Aquò pòt inclure de tèsts de puncion de la pèl, de tèsts de pegatge, o de tèsts de sang per identificar d'allergèns especifics.
5. Diagnostic diferencial: Lo mètge tanben prendrà en compte d'autras causas possiblas dels simptòmas, coma d'autras malautiás de la pèl o de malautiás de fons, e pòt demandar d'examens suplementaris per n'exclure.
6. Provocation tests: Dins los cases d'urticària fisica, ont l'orticària es provocada per un estimul fisic coma la calor, lo freg, o la pression, lo mètge pòt realizar un tèst de provocacion per confirmar lo diagnostic.
Aquò consistís a expausar la pèl a çò que se supausa èsser lo desencadenant per veire se se produsís una reaccion.
7. Tèsts autoimmunes: Dins los cases d'urticària cronica, lo mètge pòt demandar de tèsts per verificar los trebles autoimmunes, que pòdon a vegada causar la malautiá.
8. Examèns d'imatges: dins de cases rars, d'examèns d'imatges coma una radiografia o una tomografia pòdon èsser demandats per escartar d'autras condicions que pòdon provocar de simptòmas similars.
Lo diagnostic de l'urticària consistís en una combinason de l'istòria medicala, l'examen fisic, e a vegada los tèsts de laboratòri.
L'objectiu es de determinar la causa primièra e determinar lo melhor tractament pel pacient.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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