Say breast cancer et nadidiagnos panamegley na nanduruman eksamin tan proseso, a nayarin laktipen na satan so:
1. Klinikal a pan-eksamin ed pagew: Usisaen na doktor so pagew pian nanengneng to no walay tinmubo, anguman so kabaleg odino itsura, odino arum nin pakabidbiran.
2. Mammogram: Sakey a x-ray na pagew a makadeskribe ed saray abnormalidad sakbay ni ingen a nalikna iratan.
3. Ultrasound: Sakey a panag-eksamin a manguusar na sound waves pian nanengneng so tissue na pagew, a makatulong pian naamtaan no say bukel et malet odino napno na likido.
4. MRI: Say magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan so manguusar na magnetic field tan saray radio wave pian makagawa na detalyadon litrato na tissue na pagew.
5. Biopsy: Say melag a tissue na pagew so ekalen tan usisaen diad mikroskopyo pian naamtaan no wala iray selula na kanser.
6. Panangusisa ed dala: Walaray panagsukimat ed dala, a singa say kompleton bilang na dala odino saray tumor marker, a nayarin gawaen pian naamtaan so kipapasen na kanser odino pian naobserbaan so panagtambal.
7. Genetic testing: No walay pamilya a walaan na breast cancer, nayarin gawaen so genetic testing pian naamtaan no wala so atawir a mutation na gene a mamapalalo ed posibilidad a nawalaan na breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, odino PET scan: Sarayan imaging test et nayarin gawaen pian naamtaan no kinmayat lay kanser ed arum a parte na laman.
No naamtaan la a walay breast cancer, nayarin wala ni ray gawaen ya eksamin pian naamtaan so stage tan graben kanser, ya ontulong pian makapandesisyon na paraan na panagtambal.
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Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.
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Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.
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How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
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