A yeke mbeni kobela so ayeke sara si poro ti tele ti zo abe, a fun na a kono.
A lingbi ti duti aye nde nde so ayeke na gunda ni, na tapande kobela ti tere, akobela ti yâ ti tere nga na ambeni yorö.
Ti hinga wala kobela ti mbi ayeke so wa, a hunda ti bâ kobela ti mbi kozoni, ti bâ tere ti mbi, nga ngoi na ngoi ti bâ ambeni ye so a yeke sara na laboratoire.
1. Kozo kobela ti lo: Wanganga ni ayeke hunda lo na ndo ti akozo kobela ti lo, so andu akobela so lo yeke na ni, akobela so lo wara ade ti ninga pëpe, na ayorö so lo yeke nyon.
Ala yeke hunda nga na mo na ndo ti ngoi so kobela ni ato nda ti sara mo, ngoi so kobela ni aninga nga na ambeni ye so alingbi ti sara si mo wara kobela ni.
2. Gingo nda ti tele ti zo ni: Wanganga ni ayeke gi ti bâ wala kä ayeke dä, konongo ni nga ndo so kä ni akangbi dä.
Ala lingbi nga ti bâ wala ambeni ye nde ayeke dä so afa so mbeni ye asara lo, na tapande tongana lê ti lo, yanga ti lo wala menga ti lo asuku.
3. A-examen ti laboratoire: Na yâ ambeni ye, wanganga ni alingbi ti hunda ti tene a bâ mênë ti zo ni ti bâ wala lo yeke na mbeni kobela so alingbi ti sala si tele ti lo aso wala so alingbi ti sala si lo wara kobela.
A lingbi nga ti sala ambeni tara ti poro ti tele, tongana ti so a yeke sala na mbeni ye so a kpo tele ti zo dä wala na mbeni ye so a zia na tele ti tele ti zo, ti hinga ambeni ye so alingbi ti sala si tele ti zo aso.
4. A-examen so a sala ti bâ wala mbeni ye asala ngangu na tele ti zo: Tongana docteur ni abâ so mbeni ye asala ngangu na tele ti zo, lo lingbi ti tokua zo ni na mbeni docteur so ahinga ye na ndo ti ye so asala si tele ti zo alingbi ti sala ngangu na ndo mbeni ye.
A lingbi ti hunda ti tene a kpo zo na poro ti tele ti lo, a zia mbeni ye na tere ti lo wala a bâ mênë ti lo ti hinga ambeni ye so alingbi ti sala si lo wara kobela.
5. Ti hinga ye so ayeke na gunda ti kobela ni: Wanganga ni ayeke bâ nga ambeni ye so alingbi ti ga na aye so asi, na tapande ambeni kobela ti poro ti tele wala ambeni kobela so ayeke dä kozoni, na lo lingbi ti hunda ti tene a kiri a bâ ambeni ye ti hinga wala a yeke biani kobela ti lo.
6. A-test so a sala ti hinga wala ye ni asi biani: Na yâ ti ambeni kobela so a yeke ngangu pëpe ti bâ ni, tongana mbeni ye tongana ndowa, dê wala ngangu ti ndowa asala si ye ni asi, wanganga ni alingbi ti sala mbeni ngangu test ti hinga wala ye ni asi biani.
A hunda ti tene a zia mbeni ye so mo pensé ayeke sara si kobela ni alondo na tere ti mo ti bâ wala kobela ni ayeke sara mo nzoni.
7. A-examen so abâ seni ti tele ti zo: Tongana kobela ti kä ti yâ ti zo aninga, wanganga ni alingbi ti hunda ti tene a bâ wala kobela ti kä ti yâ ti zo ayeke dä, teti ngoi na ngoi a yeke aye so alingbi ti ga na kobela ni.
8. A-examen so a sala na ordinateur: Na yâ ambeni ye so ayeke si mingi pëpe, a hunda ti sala ambeni examen so a sala na ordinateur ti bâ wala tele ti zo ni ayeke nzoni wala pëpe.
Mingi ni, ti hinga wala mbeni zo ayeke na kobela ti kä ti yâ, a hunda ti hinga ye na ndo kobela ni kozoni, ti bâ lo nzoni, nga ngoi na ngoi ti bâ ambeni ye so a yeke sara na laboratoire.
Ye so a ye ayeke ti hinga ye so ayeke na gunda ti kobela ni nga ti bâ nzoni kode ti kaïngo kobela so a lingbi a mû na zo ni.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['Tënë ti ziango kamene na lê: tënë ti seni']
['A zia site so gi ti fa na ye na azo na ti mû wango na ala.']
['A lingbi a sala kusala pëpe na asango so a mû ti hinga wala ti kaï na mbeni kpale ti seni wala kobela, na a lingbi ala so aye ti wara wango ti kaïngo kobela teti ala mveni ahunda mbeni wanganga so ayeke na mbeti ti hinga ye na ndo ni.']
['Bâ so tongana a hunda na zo ti fa wungo ti azo so ayeke na mbeni kobela, a yeke ngangu ti tene lo fa tâ wungo ti azo ni.']
['Gi lakue wango ti wanganga ti mo wala mbeni wanganga so ahinga kua ti lo nzoni na ndo ti kobela ti mo. Zia lâ oko pëpe ti ke wango ti wanganga wala ti ku ti wara ni ndali ti mbeni ye so mo diko na ndo ti site so. Tongana mo bâ so mo yeke na yâ ti mbeni kpale ti seni, iri 911 wala gue hio na hôpital so ayeke nduru na mo.']
['Kengo tene: droit ti lo ti sala tene']
['Ndia ti Amerika na ndo droit ti sigingo na ambeti (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) ti ngu 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (so a hiri ni DMCA) amû lege na azo so ayeke na droit ti sigingo na ambeti ti bâ wala ambeti so asigigi na ndo ti Internet ni adoro droit ti ala so ndia ti Amerika amû na ndo droit ti sigingo na ambeti amû lege na ala ti sala ni. ']
['Tongana mo pensé so mbeni ye so ayeke na ndo ti site ti e wala na yâ ti ambeni ye so e yeke sara andu droit ti mo ti batango ambeti ti e, mo (wala zo so mo sara kua na iri ti lo) alingbi ti tokua na e mbeni mbeti ti hunda ti tene a zi ni wala a kanga lege na mo ti wara ni.']
['A lingbi a tokua ambeti ni na lege ti mbeni lettre so a sû na ndo ti ordinateur wala na lege ti mbeni téléphone (bâ mbage "A-adresse ti téléphone").']
['Ndia ti DMCA ahunda ti tene na yâ ti mbeti ti mo so a tene mbeni zo asara mbeni ye so ake ndia ti droit ti batango ambeti, mo zia atënë so ge: (1) fango peko ti kua so ndia ti batango ambeti ni ake ni; (2) fango peko ti aye so a tene a sara ye ti ke ndia ti batango ambeti ni nga na atënë so alingbi ti mû lege na e ti wara aye ni so; (3) asango ti mo ti wara mo, so andu adresse ti mo, numéro ti téléphone ti mo nga na adresse ti e-mail ti mo; (4) mbeni tënë so mo tene na bê ti mo kue so tënë ti aye ni so mo dema tere dä so ayeke pëpe tënë ti zo so ayeke na droit ti batango ambeti ni, wala zo so ayeke sara kua na iri ti lo, wala ndia ti kodoro ti mo.']
['(5) Mo sû maboko ti mo na gbe ti ngbanga ti mvene na mo tene so atënë so ayeke na yâ ti mbeti ni ayeke tâ tënë nga so mo yeke na ngangu ti sara si a bata droit ti mo ti sigingo na ambeti so a tene a doro ni.']
['Nga (6) mbeni maboko ti zo so ayeke na droit ti sigingo na ambeti ni wala mbeni maboko ti mbeni zo so ayeke sara kua na iri ti zo ni.']
['Tongana mo sû atënë so kue pëpe, a lingbi ti sara si a mû ngoi mingi pëpe ti bâ lege ti tënë ti mo ni.']
['Tënë ti kiri ti bâ zo']
['Tongana mo yeke na mbeni hundango tënë wala mbeni tënë ti tene, tokua ni na e na lege ti mbeni lettre.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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