How is Breast cancer diagnosed?

Comente si faghet a ischire chi unu crancu est mammàriu?

Su tumore a su sinu si podet diagnosticare cun una cumbinatzione de proas e protzeduras, chi podent incrùere:

1. Esàmine clínicu de sos senos: Unu professionista de sa sanidade at a esaminare sos senos pro bìdere si b'at calchi massa, cambiamentos de mannària o forma, o àteras anormalidades.

2. Mammografia: una radiografia de su sinu chi podet rilevare anomalias fintzas in antis de pòdere èssere intesas.

3. Ecografia: Una proa chi impreat undas sonoras pro creare un'immàgine de su tessidu de su sinu, chi podet agiudare a determinare si unu nodulu est sòlidu o prenu de flùidu.

4. RMN: Una iscansione de risonàntzia magnètica (RMN) impreat unu campu magnèticu e undas ràdiu pro creare immàgines a sa minuda de su tessidu de su sinu.

5. Biòpsia: S'est pigada una parte pitica de su tessidu de su sinu e s'est esaminada a suta de su microscòpiu pro determinare si b'at tzèllulas tumorales.

6. Anàlisis de su sàmbene: tzertos anàlisis de su sàmbene, comente unu contu cumpletu de su sàmbene o marcadores de tumore, si podent fàghere pro agiudare a determinare s'istàdiu de su tumore o pro controllare su tratamentu.

7. Anàlisi genètica: si b'at un'istòria familiare de tumore a su sinu, si podent fàghere anàlisis genèticas pro determinare si b'at una mutatzione genètica ereditada chi creschet su riscu de isvilupare su tumore a su sinu.

8. Iscansione de sos ossos, TAC o PET: custos esàmenes podent èssere fatos pro determinare si su tumore s'est ispartu a àteras partes de su corpus.

Una borta chi sa diagnosi de su tumore a su sinu est istada fata, si podent fàghere àteras proas pro determinare s'istàdiu e su gradu de su tumore, chi agiudat a ghiare sas detzisiones de su tratamentu.

['Referèntzias']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Zahoor S, Lali IU, Khan MA, Javed K, Mehmood W: Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Traditional Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Imaging. 2020, 16 (10): 1187-1200.

Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.

Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.

Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.

Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.

Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.

Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.

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How is breast cancer diagnosed?

Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.

2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.

3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.

4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.

5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.

7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.

8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.

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