S'orticària, connota puru comente a pedde, est una cunditzione de sa pedde caraterizada dae s'aparitzione de pedde ruja, infusta e chi faghet pruritu.
Podet èssere causada dae una bariedade de fatores, intre cales reatziones alèrgicas, infetziones e tzertos meighinas.
Sa diàgnosi de s'orticària ìmplicat una cumbinatzione de istòrias mèdicas, esàmine fìsicu e, a bias, proas de laboratòriu.
1. Istòria mèdica: Su dutore at a fàghere dimandas a pitzus de s'istòria mèdica de su malàidu, chi includet calesisiat allergia connota, maladias reghentes e meighinas pigadas.
Ant a pòdere fintzas dimandare cando sunt cumintzados sos sìntomos, cantu tempus sunt durados e cale si siat cosa chi ddos at intzentivados.
2. Esàmini fìsicu: su dutori at a esaminai sa peddi po sa presèntzia de peddixeddas, sa mannesa e sa distributzioni insoru.
Podent fintzas controllare àteros signos de una reatzione allèrgica, comente a edema de sa cara, labbra o limba.
3. Esames de laboratòriu: In carchi casu, su dutore podet ordinare esames de sàmbene pro controllare sa presèntzia de allergies o infetziones.
Si podent fàghere fintzas proas in sa pedde, comente una proa pro puntura in sa pedde o una proa in su manteddu, pro identificare allergenos ispetzìficos.
4. Esames de allergia: si su dutore suspetat una reatzione allèrgica, podet imbiare su malàidu a un'allergista pro àteras proas.
Custu podet inclùdere proas de puntura de sa pedde, proas in sos mantos o proas de su sàmbene pro identificare alergenos ispetzìficos.
5. Diagnosi diferentziale: Su dutore at a cunsiderare fintzas àteras càusas possìbiles de sos sìntomos, comente àteras cunditziones de sa pedde o cunditziones mèdicas sutastantes, e podet ordinare àteras proas pro nde escludere custas.
6. Provocation test: In casos de orticària fìsica, ue s'orticària est iscatenada dae istìmulos fìsicos comente su calore, su fritu o sa pressione, su dutore podet fàghere una prova de provocatzione pro cunfirmare sa diàgnosi.
Custu cumportat espositzione de sa pedde a su chi si pensat chi siat su trigger pro bìdere si si verìficat una reatzione.
7. Esames autoimmunes: In casos de orticària crònica, su dutore podet ordinare esames pro controllare sos istorbos autoimmunes, ca custos a bortas podent causare sa cunditzione.
8. Esames de imaging: In casos raros, si podent ordinare esames de imaging comente una radiografia o una TAC pro escludere àteras cunditziones chi podent causare sìntomos sìmiles.
In generale, sa diagnosi de s'orticària ìmplicat una cumbinatzione de istòrias mèdicas, esàmine fìsicu e, a bias, proas de laboratòriu.
S'obietivu est de identificare sa càusa primària e determinare sa mezus cura pro su malàidu.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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