How is Heart attack diagnosed?

['ⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ']

ⵎⴰⴽ ⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵉⵇⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ?

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ, ⴷ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴳⴳⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ.

ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵏ:

1. ⵉⵍⵉⴽⵜⵔⵓⴽⴰⵔⴷⵢⵓⴳⵔⴰⵎ (ⵉⵛ.ⵢ.ⴳ.): ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⴰⵍ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ

2. ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ: ⵉⵖⵢ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵣⵉⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵍⴽⴰⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⵔⵢ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴳⴰⵏ.

ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵔⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⵏⴰⵣ (CK-MB).

3. ⵉⴾⵓⴾⴰⵔⴷⵉⵓⴶⵔⴰⵎ: ⵜⵉⵣⵎⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⵏⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵎⵓⵇ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵢⵓⵍⵉ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵊⵊⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵢⵓⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵅⵛⵏ.

4. ⴰⵏⵊⵉⵓⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵔⴳⵜ: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⵓⵖ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵔⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵔⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵊⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵔⴳⵜ.

5. ⵟⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵔⵢⵉ: ⵉⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⴼⴽⵉⵏ ⵉⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵍⴰⴼ ⵉⵙⵡⵍⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵃⴰⴳⵍⵓⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⵉⵊⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴽ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⵍ.

6. ⵉⵔⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⵔⴳ: ⵉⵔⵉⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴽⵍ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴹⴼⵕ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ.

ⵉⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ.

7. ⴰⵛⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ: ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⵛⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵔⵔⴰⴱⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ.

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵓⵣⵣⵔ ⵓⴹⴰⵕⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵃⴰⴳⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵔⵏⴰⵢ ⵉ ⴽⵓ ⵓⴱⵍⴽⴰⵊ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⴷⵉ.

ⵉⵖⵢ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⴰⴽⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴽⵍ.

['ⵉⵙⵓⵎⴰⵔ']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Narcisse MR, Rowland B, Long CR, Felix H, McElfish PA: Heart Attack and Stroke Symptoms Knowledge of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the United States: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey. Health Promot Pract. 2021, 22 (1): 122-131.

Atar D: [How to diagnose a heart attack in 2012?]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012, 132 (3): 265-6.

Kriszbacher I, Bódis J, Boncz I, Koppan A, Koppan M: The time of sunrise and the number of hours with daylight may influence the diurnal rhythm of acute heart attack mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 140 (1): 118-20.

New ultrafast MRI promises faster diagnosis of heart attack and stroke. J Cardiovasc Manag. , 10 (5): 17-9.

Duijts SFA, van der Beek AJ, Bleiker EMA, Smith L, Wardle J: Cancer and heart attack survivors' expectations of employment status: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMC Public Health. 2017, 17 (1): 640.

Kriszbacher I, Csoboth I, Boncz I, Bódis J: [The daily rhythm of heart attack morbidity and mortality may be influenced by the time of sunrise]. Orv Hetil. 2008, 149 (46): 2183-7.

['ⴰⵙⴱⴷⵉⴷ: ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉ']

['ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵖⵎⵙ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵙⴼⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵛⴰⵡⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ.']

['ⵓⵔ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵉⴳⵍ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵊⵊⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵙⵉ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢⵏ.']

['ⵙ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏⴰ, ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵜⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵢⵓⵔⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⴰⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵡ ⵜⵓⵙⴷⵉⴷⵜ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ.']

['ⵚⵓⴰⵍ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵊⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ. ⵓⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⴼⵍⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵊⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⴰⵢⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵖⵔⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⵔⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⴽ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵉⵣⵣⴳⵔⵏ, ⵙⵎⴷ 911 ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ. ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵊⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴳ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴱⵢⵓⵎⵉⴷⵍⵉⴱ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⵙ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍ, ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ.']

['ⴰⵙⴱⴰⴷⵓ: ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ']

['ⴰⵛⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ']

['ⵎⴽ ⵜⵛⵛⵉⵖⴰⵍⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵛⵛⵉⵢⵜ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⴽⵛⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵏⵏⵓⵏ, ⵜⵣⵎⵔⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵙⴷ (ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⴽ) ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⵍⴷ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴷⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ, ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⴷⴷⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.']

['ⵉⵏⴰⵓⴰⵏ ⴰⵂⴰⵏ ⴰⴾⵜⴰⴱ ⵙ ⴰⵍⴾⵉⵜⵜⴰⴱ ⵙ ⵎⵢⵍ (ⵉⴾⵉⴰⴷ ⵙ ⴰⴾⵜⴰⴱ "ⵎⵢⵍ" ⵉ ⵎⵢⵍ)']

['DMCA ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵢ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ: (1) ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⵃⴱⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵍ; (2) ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵃⴱⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵅⵚⵚⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴰⴼ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ; (3) ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⴰⴽⴷⴽ, ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⴽ, ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵉⴽⵜⵕⵓⵏ; (4) ⴰⵙⵉⵡⴹ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵔⴳⴰⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴽⴽⵉ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵢ, ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵏⵖⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ; ']

['(5) ⴰⵙⵉⵙⵙⵉⴾⵉ ⵏⵢⵜ, ⵉⴾⴼⴰⵏ ⵙ ⴰⵍⵆⴰⴾⵓⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⴰⴾⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⵉⵏ ⵢⵎⵢⵍ ⵏⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵓⵉⵏ ⵢⵎⵢⵍ ⵓⵉⵏ ⴰⴾⴰⵉⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⴾⴰⵉⴰⴷ ⵉ ⴰⵙⵓⵋ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⴰⴾⵓⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴾⴰⵉⴰⴷ ⵓⵉⵏ ⴰⴾⴰⵉⴰⴷ ⵓⵉ ⴰⵋⵋⴰⵏⵢⵏ']

['ⴷ (6) ⴰⴾⴰⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴾⵉⵜⴱⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴾⵉⵜⴱⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜ ⵎⵢⵗ ⵓⴰ ⵉⵋⵋⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵎⵢⵍ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴾⵉⵜⴱⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜ']

['ⴰⴾⴰⵉⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⴾⵏⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⵉⵏ ⴰⵋⵋⵓⵜⵏⵢⵏ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⴱⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵈⵈⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵉⵓⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⴾⴰⵉⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜ ⵏⵢⵜ']

['ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹ']

['ⵙⵓⴾⵢⵍ ⵉⵢⵎⴰⵍ ⵉⵢⵎⴰ ⵙ ⴽⴰⴾⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ/ⴰⵙⵓⵋ']

How is heart attack diagnosed?

A heart attack is diagnosed through a combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

The most common diagnostic tests used to diagnose a heart attack include:

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities that may indicate a heart attack.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins that are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.

The most common blood tests used to diagnose a heart attack are troponin and creatine kinase (CK-MB) tests.

3. Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create a moving image of the heart, which can help doctors assess the function of the heart and identify any areas of damage.

4. Coronary angiography: This test involves injecting a dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to identify any blockages or narrowing of the arteries.

5. Cardiac CT or MRI: These imaging tests can provide detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels, which can help doctors identify any damage or blockages.

6. Stress test: This test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while the heart is monitored to see how it responds to stress.

It can help identify any abnormalities in the heart's function.

7. Cardiac catheterization: This invasive test involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart.

Dye is then injected into the coronary arteries to identify any blockages or narrowing.

A combination of these tests, along with the patient's symptoms and medical history, can help doctors diagnose a heart attack and determine the best course of treatment.

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['ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ']

['ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴱⵢⵓ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵍⵉⴱ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⵍⵏ (ⴰⵍⴳⵓⵔⵉⵜⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵙ) ⵉ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⴰⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏ.']

['ⴷⴰ ⵏⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵙ 35 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵢⵓⵎⵉⴷⵉⴽⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⵎⵉⴷ/ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵉⵏ. ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵔⴰⴼⵉⵏⴷⵡⵉⴱ.']

['ⴰⵜ-ⵓ-ⴰⵗ "ⴰⵍⵓⴰⵈⴰⵏ" ⴰⴷ "ⴰⴾⴼⴰⵣ"']