What is pathophysiology of Diabetes?

['ⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ']

ⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵜⵓⴼⵉⵣⵉⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏ?

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵓⴼⵉⵣⵉⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵚⵟⵟⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⴳⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵣⵉⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵃⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵚⵟⵟⴰⵜ.

ⵚⴰⴷⴰⴱⵉⵜⵢⵓⵙ ⵎⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜⵓⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵜⵛⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵚⵓⴽⵕⵓ ⴳ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ (ⴳⵍⵓⴽⵓⵣ) ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵍⵉⵏ, ⵏⵖⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵍⵉⵏ, ⵏⵖⴷ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ.

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⴱⴰⵜⵓⴼⵉⵣⵉⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵚⵚⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵊⵉⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ.

ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⵢⵢⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⴰ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 1, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴱⵉⵜⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴱⴰⵏⴽⵔⵉⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵓⵍⵉⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵣⴳⵉⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵓⵍⵉⵏ.

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ (ⴰⵣⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ).

ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⵢⵢⵓⵕ, ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵜⵓⴼⵉⵣⵉⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ, ⴷ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵍⵉⵏ.

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴷⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵍⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵙⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⵄⴷⵍⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵍⴳⵍⵓⴽⵓⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ.

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴷⵊⴰ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵉ ⵍⴱⴰⵏⴽⵔⵉⵢⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵍⴱⴰⵏⴽⵔⵉⵢⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵜⵔⴰ, ⴰⵢⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴷⵔⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵍⵉⵏ.

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⴱⴰⵢⵢⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵚⵚⴱⵉⵟⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵀⵓⵔⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴷⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵓⵍⵉⵏ.

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⵖⴰⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵉⵀⵓⵔⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴱⴷⴷⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵓⵍⵉⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵍⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ.

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⴱⴰⵜⵓⴼⵉⵣⵉⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵚⵚⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵃⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ, ⵏ ⵉⵃⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⴳⵓⵎ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ, ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ, ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵅⵍⵓⵚ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ.

ⴰⴼⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⵜⵓⴼⵉⵣⵉⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵚⵚⴰⵃⴰⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵏⵏⵉⴷ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵕⵡⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵏⵉⵜ.

['ⵉⵙⵓⵎⴰⵔ']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

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Surampudi PN, John-Kalarickal J, Fonseca VA: Emerging concepts in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009, 76 (3): 216-26.

Johnson D: Selected pathophysiology of diabetes. Semin Perioper Nurs. 1998, 7 (3): 164-78.

Hirsch IB: The changing faces of diabetes. Prim Care. 2003, 30 (3): 499-510.

Guthrie RA, Guthrie DW: Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Crit Care Nurs Q. , 27 (2): 113-25.

Palicka V: Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus. EJIFCC. 2002, 13 (5): 140-144.

Felig P: Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Med Clin North Am. 1971, 55 (4): 821-34.

['ⴰⵙⴱⴷⵉⴷ: ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉ']

['ⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵖⵎⵙ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵙⴼⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵛⴰⵡⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ.']

['ⵓⵔ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵉⴳⵍ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵊⵊⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵙⵉ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢⵏ.']

['ⵙ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏⴰ, ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵜⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵢⵓⵔⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⴰⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵡ ⵜⵓⵙⴷⵉⴷⵜ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ. ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ.']

['ⵚⵓⴰⵍ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵊⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵉⵡⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ. ⵓⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⴼⵍⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵊⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⴰⵢⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵖⵔⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⵔⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⴽ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵉⵣⵣⴳⵔⵏ, ⵙⵎⴷ 911 ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵙ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ. ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵊⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴳ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴱⵢⵓⵎⵉⴷⵍⵉⴱ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵖⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⵙ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍ, ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ.']

['ⴰⵙⴱⴰⴷⵓ: ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ']

['ⴰⵛⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ']

['ⵎⴽ ⵜⵛⵛⵉⵖⴰⵍⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵛⵛⵉⵢⵜ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⴽⵛⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⵏⵏⵓⵏ, ⵜⵣⵎⵔⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵙⴷ (ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⴽ) ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⵍⴷ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴷⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵖⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ, ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⴷⴷⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.']

['ⵉⵏⴰⵓⴰⵏ ⴰⵂⴰⵏ ⴰⴾⵜⴰⴱ ⵙ ⴰⵍⴾⵉⵜⵜⴰⴱ ⵙ ⵎⵢⵍ (ⵉⴾⵉⴰⴷ ⵙ ⴰⴾⵜⴰⴱ "ⵎⵢⵍ" ⵉ ⵎⵢⵍ)']

['DMCA ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵢ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ: (1) ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⵃⴱⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵍ; (2) ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵃⴱⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵅⵚⵚⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴰⴼ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ; (3) ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⴰⴽⴷⴽ, ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⴽ, ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵉⴽⵜⵕⵓⵏ; (4) ⴰⵙⵉⵡⴹ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷⴰⵔⴽ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴽⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵔⴳⴰⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴽⴽⵉ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴳⴰⵢ, ⵏⵖⴷ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵏⵖⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ; ']

['(5) ⴰⵙⵉⵙⵙⵉⴾⵉ ⵏⵢⵜ, ⵉⴾⴼⴰⵏ ⵙ ⴰⵍⵆⴰⴾⵓⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⴰⴾⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⵉⵏ ⵢⵎⵢⵍ ⵏⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵓⵉⵏ ⵢⵎⵢⵍ ⵓⵉⵏ ⴰⴾⴰⵉⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⴾⴰⵉⴰⴷ ⵉ ⴰⵙⵓⵋ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⴰⴾⵓⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜⵢⵏ ⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴾⴰⵉⴰⴷ ⵓⵉⵏ ⴰⴾⴰⵉⴰⴷ ⵓⵉ ⴰⵋⵋⴰⵏⵢⵏ']

['ⴷ (6) ⴰⴾⴰⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴾⵉⵜⴱⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴾⵉⵜⴱⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜ ⵎⵢⵗ ⵓⴰ ⵉⵋⵋⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵎⵢⵍ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴾⵉⵜⴱⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜ']

['ⴰⴾⴰⵉⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⴾⵏⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⵉⵏ ⴰⵋⵋⵓⵜⵏⵢⵏ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⴱⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵈⵈⵉⵍ ⴰⵙⵉⵓⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⴾⴰⵉⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵆⵉⴷⵎⴰⵜ ⵏⵢⵜ']

['ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹ']

['ⵙⵓⴾⵢⵍ ⵉⵢⵎⴰⵍ ⵉⵢⵎⴰ ⵙ ⴽⴰⴾⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ/ⴰⵙⵓⵋ']

What is pathophysiology of diabetes?

Pathophysiology of diabetes refers to the study of the disordered physiological processes that lead to the development of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.

The pathophysiology of diabetes involves the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that contribute to the development of the disease.

In type 1 diabetes, the pathophysiology involves an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency in insulin production.

This results in an inability to regulate blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).

In type 2 diabetes, the pathophysiology is more complex and involves both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.

Insulin resistance occurs when the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to an inability to effectively use glucose for energy.

This causes the pancreas to produce more insulin to try to overcome the resistance, but over time, the pancreas may not be able to keep up with the demand, leading to a decrease in insulin production.

Gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, is caused by hormonal changes that lead to insulin resistance.

The placenta produces hormones that can block the action of insulin, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.

The pathophysiology of diabetes also involves the development of complications, such as damage to blood vessels, nerves, and organs, which can lead to serious health problems like heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and vision loss.

Understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes is crucial for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for this chronic disease.

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['ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ']

['ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴱⵢⵓ ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵍⵉⴱ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⵍⵏ (ⴰⵍⴳⵓⵔⵉⵜⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵙ) ⵉ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⴰⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏ.']

['ⴷⴰ ⵏⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵙ 35 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵢⵓⵎⵉⴷⵉⴽⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⵎⵉⴷ/ⵎⵉⴷⵍⵉⵏ. ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵔⴰⴼⵉⵏⴷⵡⵉⴱ.']

['ⴰⵜ-ⵓ-ⴰⵗ "ⴰⵍⵓⴰⵈⴰⵏ" ⴰⴷ "ⴰⴾⴼⴰⵣ"']