Olsem wanem dokta i save painimaut sik kensa bilong prostet?
Ol dokta i save mekim kain kain wok painimaut bilong painimaut sik kensa bilong prostet, olsem:
1. Dokta i save putim wanpela pinga i gat wel long en na putim han long en i go insait long pekpek bilong pilim skin bilong man.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Dispela em wanpela blut tes bilong skelim mak bilong PSA, em wanpela protin em prostate gland i save kamapim.
Sapos mak bilong PSA i go antap, dispela inap makim olsem man i gat sik kensa bilong prostet.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): Ol i putim wanpela liklik masin insait long pekpek bilong kisim piksa bilong prostet long rot bilong saun.
Dispela bai helpim ol long luksave sapos i gat sampela samting i no stret long skin bilong man.
4. Biapsi: Ol i kisim liklik hap bilong skin bilong prostet na glasim gut long maikroskop bilong save sapos i gat sampela sel bilong kensa.
Dispela em i wanpela rot tasol bilong save man i gat sik kensa bilong prostet.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Taim man i kisim MRI bilong prostet, dispela inap helpim em long luksave long ol samting i no stret na bai em i ken skelim gut skin bilong man.
6. Wok bilong skelim ol jin: Sampela dokta i save mekim wok long ol jin bilong skelim sik kensa na bai ol i ken save sik kensa i bikpela o nogat, na ol i ken makim wanem kain marasin ol i laik givim long sikman.
7. Skelim Bun: Ol dokta inap mekim wok long wanpela kain masin (bone scan) bilong skelim sapos sik kensa i go insait long ol bun.
8. Komputa Tomografi (CT) Sken: Ol inap mekim wok long CT scan bilong skelim sapos kensa i go long ol narapela hap bilong bodi.
Em i bikpela samting long tingim olsem i no olgeta man i gat mak bilong PSA i antap o DRE i no wok gut, ol bai i gat sik kensa bilong prostet, na i no olgeta man i gat sik kensa bilong prostet bai i gat mak bilong PSA i antap.
Olsem na ol i mas kisim ol sel bilong bodi bilong dispela man bilong save sik bilong em i tru o nogat.
Na tu, ol i skelim pinis ol samting ol i kisim save long en na ol samting man yet i laik mekim.
Saldova R, Fan Y, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RW, Rudd PM: Core fucosylation and alpha2-3 sialylation in serum N-glycome is significantly increased in prostate cancer comparing to benign prostate hyperplasia. Glycobiology. 2011, 21 (2): 195-205.
Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
['Toksave: sik']
['Dispela Web-sait i bilong skulim na givim save tasol long ol man, na i no bilong givim tok bilong helpim ol sikman o helpim ol narapela long sait bilong helt.']
['Ol i no ken yusim ol dispela tok bilong helpim ol long save long sik bilong ol, na ol man i laik kisim helpim long ol samting bilong helt, ol i mas toktok wantaim wanpela dokta.']
['Tingim, ol kompiuta i save yusim ol kompiuta long kamapim ol bekim bilong ol askim, tasol ol i no save kolim stret ol namba, olsem namba bilong ol man i gat wanpela sik.']
['Oltaim yu mas kisim tingting bilong dokta o narapela lain i gat save long helpim yu long sait bilong helt sapos yu gat sik. No ken sakim tok bilong dokta o wet long kisim tingting bilong dokta, long wanem, yu ritim sampela tok long dispela Web-sait. Sapos yu ting yu gat sik, ringim 911 o go long haus sik i stap klostu.']
['Toksave: raits bilong man i bosim']
['Digital Millennium Copyright Act bilong 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) i tok ol papa bilong ol samting i gat rait long wokim ol samting, sapos ol i ting ol samting i stap long Intenet i brukim ol lo bilong ol long Amerika.']
['Sapos yu bilip olsem sampela samting i stap long dispela Web-sait o ol sevis bilong mipela i brukim lo bilong kopirait bilong yu, yu (o agent bilong yu) inap salim toksave long mipela na askim mipela long rausim o pasim rot bilong yu long kisim dispela samting.']
['Ol i mas salim ol toksave long rot bilong e-mail (lukim hap "Kontek" bilong lukim e-mail atres). ']
['Lo bilong DMCA i tok olsem toksave bilong yu long ol man i bin brukim lo bilong kopirait i mas i gat ol dispela tok: (1) stori long ol samting i gat kopirait long en, em ol man i tok ol i bin brukim; (2) stori long ol samting i gat kopirait na ol tok bilong helpim mipela long painim ol dispela samting; (3) ol tok bilong yu bilong salim pas long mipela, olsem atres, telefon namba, na e-meil atres; (4) tok yu bin mekim olsem yu bilip tru olsem man i gat kopirait o agent bilong em i no orait long ol samting i stap long dispela websait.']
['(5) Yu mas raitim wanpela pepa na putim han bilong yu bilong tokaut olsem ol tok bilong dispela pepa i stret na yu gat namba long mekim ol samting bilong lukautim ol rait bilong man i bin wokim ol samting.']
['Na (6) wanpela sain o sain bilong man i gat rait long wokim dispela samting o bilong wanpela man i gat namba long mekim wok bilong dispela man.']
['Sapos yu no raitim olgeta dispela tok, dispela inap mekim na ol i no stretim kwik komplen bilong yu.']
['Kontektim']
['Plis salim e-mail long mipela sapos yu gat sampela askim o tingting.']
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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['Klostu']
['BioMedLib i yusim ol kompiuta (machine-learning algorithms) long kamapim ol askim na bekim.']
['Pastaim mipela i skelim 35 milion buk bilong ol saientis long ol buk na nius bilong ol dokta na saientis long ol marasin bilong ol man.']
