Olsem wanem ol dokta i save painimaut sik urtikaria?
Skin bilong man i save solap na i luk retpela, na sua i kamap.
Sampela samting inap mekim na yu pilim olsem, olsem yu sik, o yu kisim sampela kain marasin.
Bilong save sapos yu gat dispela sik, ol dokta i save skelim sikman long ol samting i bin kamap bipo, na ol i save glasim skin bilong em, na sampela taim ol i save mekim ol tes long haus sik.
1. Ol samting sikman i bin mekim bipo: Dokta bai askim sikman long ol samting sik bilong em i bin kamapim bipo, olsem ol samting em i save sik long en, ol sik em i bin kisim long nau, na ol marasin em i bin kisim.
Ol bai askim yu tu long wanem taim yu kisim ol dispela hevi, na ol i stap longpela taim o nogat, na wanem samting i mekim na yu kisim ol dispela hevi.
2. Skelim skin: Dokta bai skelim skin bilong yu sapos i gat sampela mak long skin, na sais bilong ol mak, na ol mak i stap long wanem hap.
Na tu, ol dokta inap skelim sapos skin bilong yu i no gat strong long kaikai, olsem pes, maus, o tang i solap.
3. Ol tes bilong haus sik: Sampela taim dokta inap tokim ol long kisim blut bilong skelim sapos sik i stap long skin o nogat.
Ol dokta inap mekim sampela samting long skin bilong kisim save long wanem kain sik i save mekim na man i sik.
4. Ol tes bilong skelim sik bilong bel: Sapos dokta i ting sik bilong bel i wok long go bikpela, em inap salim sikman i go lukim wanpela dokta bilong skelim sik bilong bel.
Ol i ken mekim ol kain samting olsem, sutim skin, o putim liklik hap skin long skin, o kisim blut bilong skelim wanem samting i givim sik long man.
5. Dokta bai skelim ol narapela samting i as bilong ol dispela mak, olsem skin o sik bilong skin, na ating em bai tokim dokta long mekim sampela narapela wok painimaut bilong painimaut dispela samting.
6. Ol tes bilong painimaut sik i stap long skin: Taim skin i hat, kol, o i gat samting i putim presa long skin, dispela i save mekim na ol man i gat dispela sik i save kamap waitpela.
Bilong mekim olsem, ol i putim skin bilong man long hap we ol i ting dispela samting i mekim na man i kisim sik, na ol i skelim sapos skin bilong man i gat dispela sik o nogat.
7. Ol tes bilong skelim strong bilong bodi long sakim sik: Sapos skin i save kamapim planti sua, ating dokta bai tokim ol long mekim sampela tes bilong skelim sapos i gat sampela sik bilong bodi i save pait wantaim ol sik bilong bodi, long wanem, sampela taim dispela sik i save kamap long rot bilong ol dispela sik.
8. Ol eksamin bilong kisim piksa: Sampela taim ol dokta i save kisim piksa bilong sikman na bai ol i ken save sapos sikman i gat sampela narapela sik i wankain olsem sik bilong em.
Bilong save sapos yu gat dispela sik, ol dokta i save skelim sikman long ol samting olsem, ol i save kisim save long sikman i gat dispela sik bipo, ol i save glasim skin bilong em, na sampela taim ol i save mekim ol tes long haus sik.
Ol i laik save long as bilong dispela sik na wanem rot i gutpela moa bilong helpim sikman.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['Toksave: sik']
['Dispela Web-sait i bilong skulim na givim save tasol long ol man, na i no bilong givim tok bilong helpim ol sikman o helpim ol narapela long sait bilong helt.']
['Ol i no ken yusim ol dispela tok bilong helpim ol long save long sik bilong ol, na ol man i laik kisim helpim long ol samting bilong helt, ol i mas toktok wantaim wanpela dokta.']
['Tingim, ol kompiuta i save yusim ol kompiuta long kamapim ol bekim bilong ol askim, tasol ol i no save kolim stret ol namba, olsem namba bilong ol man i gat wanpela sik.']
['Oltaim yu mas kisim tingting bilong dokta o narapela lain i gat save long helpim yu long sait bilong helt sapos yu gat sik. No ken sakim tok bilong dokta o wet long kisim tingting bilong dokta, long wanem, yu ritim sampela tok long dispela Web-sait. Sapos yu ting yu gat sik, ringim 911 o go long haus sik i stap klostu.']
['Toksave: raits bilong man i bosim']
['Digital Millennium Copyright Act bilong 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) i tok ol papa bilong ol samting i gat rait long wokim ol samting, sapos ol i ting ol samting i stap long Intenet i brukim ol lo bilong ol long Amerika.']
['Sapos yu bilip olsem sampela samting i stap long dispela Web-sait o ol sevis bilong mipela i brukim lo bilong kopirait bilong yu, yu (o agent bilong yu) inap salim toksave long mipela na askim mipela long rausim o pasim rot bilong yu long kisim dispela samting.']
['Ol i mas salim ol toksave long rot bilong e-mail (lukim hap "Kontek" bilong lukim e-mail atres). ']
['Lo bilong DMCA i tok olsem toksave bilong yu long ol man i bin brukim lo bilong kopirait i mas i gat ol dispela tok: (1) stori long ol samting i gat kopirait long en, em ol man i tok ol i bin brukim; (2) stori long ol samting i gat kopirait na ol tok bilong helpim mipela long painim ol dispela samting; (3) ol tok bilong yu bilong salim pas long mipela, olsem atres, telefon namba, na e-meil atres; (4) tok yu bin mekim olsem yu bilip tru olsem man i gat kopirait o agent bilong em i no orait long ol samting i stap long dispela websait.']
['(5) Yu mas raitim wanpela pepa na putim han bilong yu bilong tokaut olsem ol tok bilong dispela pepa i stret na yu gat namba long mekim ol samting bilong lukautim ol rait bilong man i bin wokim ol samting.']
['Na (6) wanpela sain o sain bilong man i gat rait long wokim dispela samting o bilong wanpela man i gat namba long mekim wok bilong dispela man.']
['Sapos yu no raitim olgeta dispela tok, dispela inap mekim na ol i no stretim kwik komplen bilong yu.']
['Kontektim']
['Plis salim e-mail long mipela sapos yu gat sampela askim o tingting.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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['Klostu']
['BioMedLib i yusim ol kompiuta (machine-learning algorithms) long kamapim ol askim na bekim.']
['Pastaim mipela i skelim 35 milion buk bilong ol saientis long ol buk na nius bilong ol dokta na saientis long ol marasin bilong ol man.']
