What are the risk factors for Diabetes?

['Harim dispela pes']

Wanem ol samting inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis?

I gat sampela samting inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis, olsem:

1. Famili i gat sik daiabitis: Sapos wanpela papa o mama o brata o susa bilong yu i gat sik daiabitis, dispela inap mekim na yu tu i gat sik daiabitis.

2. krismas: Taim yu wok long go bikpela, dispela inap mekim na yu kisim sik daiabitis, na moa yet taim yu winim pinis 45 krismas.

3. Hevi bilong bodi: Sapos yu pat tumas, dispela inap mekim na yu kisim sik bilong bel hevi.

4. No mekim ol samting bilong strongim skin: Sapos yu no mekim ol samting bilong strongim skin, dispela inap mekim na yu kisim sik.

5. Lain o skin: Sampela lain, olsem ol blakskin bilong Amerika, ol lain Spen bilong Amerika, ol asples bilong Amerika, na ol lain Esia bilong Amerika, ol inap kisim sik daiabitis.

6. Sik daiabitis long taim bilong karim: Ol meri i bin kisim sik daiabitis long taim ol i gat bel, ol inap kisim tu dispela sik bihain long ol i karim pikinini.

7. Sik bilong ol kiau i gat planti kiau long en: Ol meri i gat dispela sik ol inap kisim sik daiabitis.

8. Sik bilong bel i save kamapim planti kaikai: Dispela sik i save mekim na man inap kisim sik daiabitis.

9. Smok: Pasin bilong smok inap mekim na ol man i no kisim marasin insulin, na dispela inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

10. Prediabetes: Sapos mak bilong suga long blut bilong man i antap tru, dispela inap mekim na em inap kisim sik daiabitis.

11. Taim mama i karim bebi, hevi bilong bodi bilong em i liklik: Ol bebi i gat hevi bilong bodi taim mama i karim ol, ol inap kisim sik daiabitis long bihain.

12. Blut presa i antap: Sapos blut presa i antap, dispela inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

13. Mak bilong kolestrol na trigliserida i no stret: Sapos mak bilong trigliserida i antap tumas na mak bilong HDL (gutpela) kolestrol i daun tumas, dispela inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

14. Slip Apnea: Ol man i gat dispela sik, ol inap kisim sik daiabitis.

15. presa: Sapos presa i stap oltaim, dispela inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

16. Sampela marasin: Sampela marasin, olsem ol steroid na ol marasin bilong daunim sik bilong tingting, ol inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

17. Ol sua: Sapos sua i stap oltaim, dispela inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

18. Pasin bilong sindaun nating: Sapos man i sindaun nating, dispela inap mekim na em i kisim sik daiabitis.

19. Kaikai i gat planti gris na planti kalori: Sapos yu kaikai planti gris na planti kalori, dispela inap mekim na yu kisim sik daiabitis.

20. Dring planti alkohol: Sapos man i dring planti tumas alkohol, dispela inap mekim na em i kisim sik daiabitis.

21. No slip gut: Sapos man i no slip gut, dispela inap mekim na em i kisim sik daiabitis.

22. Bagarap bilong win: Sapos man i stap klostu long win nogut, dispela inap mekim na em i kisim sik daiabitis.

23. Sampela kain sik: Sampela kain sik olsem hepataitis C, inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

24. Planti homokistein: Sapos planti homokistein i stap long bodi, dispela inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

25. Bikpela mak bilong marasin uric acid: Sapos planti marasin uric acid i stap long blut, dispela inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

26. Planti protin C-reactive: Planti protin C-reactive, em wanpela mak bilong sua, inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

27. Planti marasin fibrinogen: Sapos planti marasin fibrinogen i stap long blut, dispela inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

28. Planti PAI-1: Sapos planti PAI-1 i stap long blut, dispela inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

29. Leptin i bikpela: Sapos leptin i bikpela, dispela inap mekim na man i kisim sik daiabitis.

30. Planti marasin resistin: Planti marasin resistin, em wanpela homon i save mekim na ol man i no inap kisim marasin insulin, em inap mekim na man i kisim sik

['Ol Tok Bilong Bipo']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

King WM, Saseen JJ, Anderson SL: Characterization of diabetes risk factors in patients prescribed chronic statin therapy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2014, 5 (5): 206-11.

Bielinski SJ, Pankow JS, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Bailey K, Li M, Selvin E, Couper D, Vazquez G, Brancati F: Strength of association for incident diabetes risk factors according to diabetes case definitions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012, 175 (5): 466-72.

Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.

Leiva AM, Martínez MA, Petermann F, Garrido-Méndez A, Poblete-Valderrama F, Díaz-Martínez X, Celis-Morales C: [Risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in Chile]. Nutr Hosp. 2018, 35 (2): 400-407.

Chatterjee R, Maruthur NM, Edelman D: Novel Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in African-Americans. Curr Diab Rep. 2015, 15 (12): 103.

Higa S, Maesato A, Ishigaki S, Suenari K, Chen YJ, Chen SA: Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders (Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism) as Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2021, 13 (1): 63-75.

Brodalko B: [Diabetes risk factors in the Regional Railway Hospital in Lublin, described on the basis of medical documentation]. Wiad Lek. 2000, 53 (5-6): 255-61.

['Toksave: sik']

['Dispela Web-sait i bilong skulim na givim save tasol long ol man, na i no bilong givim tok bilong helpim ol sikman o helpim ol narapela long sait bilong helt.']

['Ol i no ken yusim ol dispela tok bilong helpim ol long save long sik bilong ol, na ol man i laik kisim helpim long ol samting bilong helt, ol i mas toktok wantaim wanpela dokta.']

['Tingim, ol kompiuta i save yusim ol kompiuta long kamapim ol bekim bilong ol askim, tasol ol i no save kolim stret ol namba, olsem namba bilong ol man i gat wanpela sik.']

['Oltaim yu mas kisim tingting bilong dokta o narapela lain i gat save long helpim yu long sait bilong helt sapos yu gat sik. No ken sakim tok bilong dokta o wet long kisim tingting bilong dokta, long wanem, yu ritim sampela tok long dispela Web-sait. Sapos yu ting yu gat sik, ringim 911 o go long haus sik i stap klostu.']

['Toksave: raits bilong man i bosim']

['Digital Millennium Copyright Act bilong 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) i tok ol papa bilong ol samting i gat rait long wokim ol samting, sapos ol i ting ol samting i stap long Intenet i brukim ol lo bilong ol long Amerika.']

['Sapos yu bilip olsem sampela samting i stap long dispela Web-sait o ol sevis bilong mipela i brukim lo bilong kopirait bilong yu, yu (o agent bilong yu) inap salim toksave long mipela na askim mipela long rausim o pasim rot bilong yu long kisim dispela samting.']

['Ol i mas salim ol toksave long rot bilong e-mail (lukim hap "Kontek" bilong lukim e-mail atres). ']

['Lo bilong DMCA i tok olsem toksave bilong yu long ol man i bin brukim lo bilong kopirait i mas i gat ol dispela tok: (1) stori long ol samting i gat kopirait long en, em ol man i tok ol i bin brukim; (2) stori long ol samting i gat kopirait na ol tok bilong helpim mipela long painim ol dispela samting; (3) ol tok bilong yu bilong salim pas long mipela, olsem atres, telefon namba, na e-meil atres; (4) tok yu bin mekim olsem yu bilip tru olsem man i gat kopirait o agent bilong em i no orait long ol samting i stap long dispela websait.']

['(5) Yu mas raitim wanpela pepa na putim han bilong yu bilong tokaut olsem ol tok bilong dispela pepa i stret na yu gat namba long mekim ol samting bilong lukautim ol rait bilong man i bin wokim ol samting.']

['Na (6) wanpela sain o sain bilong man i gat rait long wokim dispela samting o bilong wanpela man i gat namba long mekim wok bilong dispela man.']

['Sapos yu no raitim olgeta dispela tok, dispela inap mekim na ol i no stretim kwik komplen bilong yu.']

['Kontektim']

['Plis salim e-mail long mipela sapos yu gat sampela askim o tingting.']

What are the risk factors for diabetes?

There are several risk factors for diabetes, including:

1. Family history: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases your risk.

2. Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45.

3. Weight: Being overweight or obese increases your risk.

4. Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise can increase your risk.

5. Race or ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

6. Gestational diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Women with this condition have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

8. Metabolic syndrome: This cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and large waist circumference, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.

9. Smoking: Smoking can increase insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.

10. Prediabetes: Having prediabetes, or higher than normal blood sugar levels, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

11. Low birth weight: Babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

12. High blood pressure: Having high blood pressure increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

13. Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels: High levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

14. Sleep apnea: People with sleep apnea have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

15. Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

16. Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and antipsychotics, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

17. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

18. Sedentary lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

19. High-fat, high-calorie diet: Consuming a diet high in unhealthy fats and calories can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

20. Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

21. Sleep deprivation: Inadequate sleep can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

22. Air pollution: Exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

23. Certain infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis C, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

24. High levels of homocysteine: High levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

25. High levels of uric acid: High levels of uric acid, a waste product, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

26. High levels of C-reactive protein: High levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

27. High levels of fibrinogen: High levels of fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

28. High levels of PAI-1: High levels of PAI-1, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

29. High levels of leptin: High levels of leptin, a hormone involved in appetite regulation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

30. High levels of resistin: High levels of resistin, a hormone involved in insulin resistance, can increase the risk of developing

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