What is pathophysiology of Depression?

Wanem samting i mekim na man i kisim sik bilong bel hevi?

Ol i tok, ol i no save long as na ol man i kisim sik bilong bel hevi.

Em i mas save long ol samting bilong skin, tingting, na bel i mekim na man i kisim sik bilong bel hevi.

Ol saveman i bin painimaut olsem i gat sampela samting i mekim na man i kisim sik dipresen, olsem ol jin, ol senis i kamap long ol neuron, na ol samting i mekim na kru i wok gut, na ol samting i stap long ples yumi stap long en.

I gat planti samting i mekim na man i kisim sik bilong bel hevi, na ating sampela bilong ol dispela samting i mekim na man i kisim dispela sik.

['Ol Tok Bilong Bipo']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Lai CH: The neural markers of MRI to differentiate depression and panic disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019, 91 (): 72-78.

Robinson RG, Chemerinski E, Jorge R: Pathophysiology of secondary depressions in the elderly. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1999, 12 (3): 128-36.

Krishnan KR, McDonald WM, Doraiswamy PM, Tupler LA, Husain M, Boyko OB, Figiel GS, Ellinwood EH: Neuroanatomical substrates of depression in the elderly. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1993, 243 (1): 41-6.

Olsen TS: Pathophysiology of the migraine aura: the spreading depression theory. Brain. 1995, 118 ( Pt 1) (): 307-8.

Normann C: Towards a new model for cellular pathophysiology in affective disorder. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2000, 12 (3): 77-80.

Adler UC, Marques AH, Calil HM: Inflammatory aspects of depression. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2008, 7 (1): 19-23.

Rihmer Z, Seregi K, Rihmer A: Parkinson's disease and depression. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung. 2004, 6 (2): 82-5.

['Toksave: sik']

['Dispela Web-sait i bilong skulim na givim save tasol long ol man, na i no bilong givim tok bilong helpim ol sikman o helpim ol narapela long sait bilong helt.']

['Ol i no ken yusim ol dispela tok bilong helpim ol long save long sik bilong ol, na ol man i laik kisim helpim long ol samting bilong helt, ol i mas toktok wantaim wanpela dokta.']

['Tingim, ol kompiuta i save yusim ol kompiuta long kamapim ol bekim bilong ol askim, tasol ol i no save kolim stret ol namba, olsem namba bilong ol man i gat wanpela sik.']

['Oltaim yu mas kisim tingting bilong dokta o narapela lain i gat save long helpim yu long sait bilong helt sapos yu gat sik. No ken sakim tok bilong dokta o wet long kisim tingting bilong dokta, long wanem, yu ritim sampela tok long dispela Web-sait. Sapos yu ting yu gat sik, ringim 911 o go long haus sik i stap klostu.']

['Toksave: raits bilong man i bosim']

['Digital Millennium Copyright Act bilong 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) i tok ol papa bilong ol samting i gat rait long wokim ol samting, sapos ol i ting ol samting i stap long Intenet i brukim ol lo bilong ol long Amerika.']

['Sapos yu bilip olsem sampela samting i stap long dispela Web-sait o ol sevis bilong mipela i brukim lo bilong kopirait bilong yu, yu (o agent bilong yu) inap salim toksave long mipela na askim mipela long rausim o pasim rot bilong yu long kisim dispela samting.']

['Ol i mas salim ol toksave long rot bilong e-mail (lukim hap "Kontek" bilong lukim e-mail atres). ']

['Lo bilong DMCA i tok olsem toksave bilong yu long ol man i bin brukim lo bilong kopirait i mas i gat ol dispela tok: (1) stori long ol samting i gat kopirait long en, em ol man i tok ol i bin brukim; (2) stori long ol samting i gat kopirait na ol tok bilong helpim mipela long painim ol dispela samting; (3) ol tok bilong yu bilong salim pas long mipela, olsem atres, telefon namba, na e-meil atres; (4) tok yu bin mekim olsem yu bilip tru olsem man i gat kopirait o agent bilong em i no orait long ol samting i stap long dispela websait.']

['(5) Yu mas raitim wanpela pepa na putim han bilong yu bilong tokaut olsem ol tok bilong dispela pepa i stret na yu gat namba long mekim ol samting bilong lukautim ol rait bilong man i bin wokim ol samting.']

['Na (6) wanpela sain o sain bilong man i gat rait long wokim dispela samting o bilong wanpela man i gat namba long mekim wok bilong dispela man.']

['Sapos yu no raitim olgeta dispela tok, dispela inap mekim na ol i no stretim kwik komplen bilong yu.']

['Kontektim']

['Plis salim e-mail long mipela sapos yu gat sampela askim o tingting.']

What is pathophysiology of depression?

Pathophysiology of depression refers to the study of the disordered physiological processes or mechanisms that are responsible for the development and progression of depression.

It involves understanding the underlying biological, neurological, and psychological factors that contribute to the onset and persistence of depressive symptoms.

Researchers have identified several potential causes and mechanisms that may contribute to depression, including genetic factors, alterations in neurotransmitter levels and activity, changes in brain structure and function, and environmental stressors.

The pathophysiology of depression is complex and multifaceted, and it is likely that a combination of these factors contributes to the development of the disorder in different individuals.

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