Urticaria, leyi nakambe yi tiviwaka tanihi swirhumbana, i xiyimo xa nhlonge lexi vonakaka hi ku tshwuka, ku va ni swirhumbana leswi nga ni swirhumbana, ni ku pfimba ka nhlonge.
Ku nga ha vangiwa hi swilo swo hambana-hambana, ku katsa ni ku va munhu a vabya loko a twa ku hisa ka miri, mavabyi ni mirhi yo karhi.
Ku kambela vuvabyi lebyi swi katsa ku kambisisa matimu ya vuvabyi bya munhu, ku n'wi kambela emirini ni ku kambela ngati yakwe.
1. Matimu ya vutshunguri: Dokodela u ta vutisa hi matimu ya vutshunguri bya muvabyi, ku katsa ni mavabyi lama a ma tivaka, mavabyi ya sweswinyana ni mirhi leyi a yi nwaka.
Va ta tlhela va vutisa loko u sungule ku va ni swikombiso swa vuvabyi lebyi, nkarhi lowu swi tekeke ni leswi nga ha vaka swi byi vange.
2. Ku kambela miri: Dokodela u ta kambela nhlonge ku vona loko ku ri ni swirhumbana, mpimo wa swona ni laha swi hangalakeke kona.
Va nga ha tlhela va kambela swikombiso swin'wana swa ku va miri wu nga ha tirhi kahle, swo tanihi ku pfimba ka xikandza, milomu kumbe ririmi.
3. Minkambisiso ya le tilaboratori: Minkarhi yin'wana dokodela a nga ha kombela leswaku ku kamberiwa ngati ku vona loko munhu a nga ri na vuvabyi byo karhi.
Ku nga ha endliwa ni minkambisiso ya nhlonge, yo tanihi ku tlhava nhlonge kumbe ku yi kambela hi ku yi namarheta eka nhlonge leswaku ku ta kumiwa swilo leswi vangaka switsongwatsongwana swo karhi.
4. Minkambelo ya ku vabya: Loko dokodela a ehleketa leswaku muvabyi u vabya, a nga ha n'wi yisa eka dokodela la nga ni vutshila bya ku kambela mavabyi leswaku a ya kamberiwa.
Leswi swi nga ha katsa ku tlhaviwa nhlonge, ku kamberiwa hi ku tirhisa xipetlu kumbe ku kamberiwa ngati leswaku ku kumiwa swilo leswi vangaka ku vabya.
5. Ku kambela loko vuvabyi byi nga ri bya xiviri: Dokodela u ta tlhela a kambisisa swivangelo swin'wana leswi nga ha vaka swi vange swikombiso leswi, swo tanihi mavabyi man'wana ya nhlonge kumbe mavabyi man'wana lama nga kona, naswona a nga ha lerisa leswaku ku endliwa minkambisiso yin'wana leswaku a kambela loko ku nga ri na mavabyi lawa.
6. Ku kambela loko munhu a ri ni vuvabyi lebyi: Loko munhu a ri ni vuvabyi lebyi, laha swirhumbana swi vangiwaka hi ku hisa, xirhami kumbe ku tshikileriwa, dokodela a nga ha kambela loko munhu a ri ni vuvabyi lebyi leswaku a tiyiseka.
Leswi swi katsa ku veka nhlonge ya wena endhawini leyi u ehleketaka leswaku yi nga ha ku vangela vuvabyi byo karhi leswaku u vona loko yi ta ku khoma.
7. Ku kambela fambiselo ra nsawutiso: Loko munhu a ri ni vuvabyi lebyi nga tshungulekiki, dokodela a nga ha n'wi kambela ku vona loko a ri ni vuvabyi lebyi nga tshungulekiki, tanihi leswi minkarhi yin'wana byi nga ha vangaka vuvabyi lebyi.
8. Ku kamberiwa hi muchini: Minkarhi yin'wana, ku nga ha endliwa X-rheyi kumbe CT scan leswaku ku ta voniwa loko ku ri ni mavabyi man'wana lama nga ha vangaka swikombiso leswi fanaka.
Hi ntolovelo, ku kambela vuvabyi bya urticaria swi katsa ku kambisisa matimu ya vuvabyi, ku kambela miri ni minkarhi yin'wana ku kambela hi ku tirhisa tikhemikhali.
Xikongomelo xa kona i ku kumisisa leswi vangaka vuvabyi ni ku kuma vutshunguri lebyinene.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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['Rungula leri nyikeriweke a ri fanelanga ri tirhisiwa ku kambela kumbe ku tshungula xiphiqo xa rihanyo kumbe vuvabyi, naswona lava lavaka xitsundzuxo xa vutshunguri va fanele va vonana ni dokodela la nga ni mpfumelelo.']
['Xiya leswaku ndlela leyi ti-neural net ti hlamulaka swivutiso ha yona a yi pakanisi ngopfu loko ku vulavuriwa hi tinomboro, to tanihi nhlayo ya vanhu lava khomiweke hi vuvabyi byo karhi.']
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['Switiviso swi fanele ku rhumeriwa hi ku tsala hi imeyili (languta eka xiyenge xa "Vuxaka" eka adirese ya imeyili).']
["DMCA yi lava leswaku xitiviso xa wena xa ku tlula nawu wa mfanelo ya ku tsala xi katsa mahungu lawa landzelaka: (1) nhlamuselo ya ntirho lowu nga na mfanelo ya ku tsala lowu ku vuriwaka leswaku wu tluriwile; (2) nhlamuselo ya leswi ku vuriwaka leswaku swi tlula nawu wa ku tsala ni mahungu lama ringaneke ku hi pfumelela ku kuma leswi nga endzeni; (3) mahungu ya ku tihlanganisa na wena, ku katsa ni adirese ya wena, nomboro ya riqingho na adirese ya imeyili; (4) xitiviso xa wena xa leswaku u ni ripfumelo ra leswaku leswi nga endzeni hi ndlela leyi ku vilelaka ha yona a swi pfumeleriwanga hi n'wini wa mfanelo ya ku tsala, kumbe muyimeri wa yena, kumbe hi ku tirha ka nawu wihi na wihi; "]
['(5) xitiyisiso xa wena, lexi sayiniweke ehansi ka nxupulo wa ku hemba, xa leswaku mahungu lama nga eka xitiviso i ntiyiso ni leswaku u na matimba yo tirhisa timfanelo ta vuqambi leti ku vuriwaka leswaku ti tluriwile;']
["na (6) ku sayina ka xiviri kumbe ka elektroniki ka n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi kumbe munhu la pfumeleriweke ku endla hi vito ra n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi. "]
['Loko u nga nghenisi vuxokoxoko hinkwabyo lebyi nga laha henhla swi nga endla leswaku ku tirhana ni xivilelo xa wena swi hlwela.']
['Ku Tihlanganisa']
['Hi kombela u hi rhumela imeyili hi xivutiso/xiringanyeto xihi na xihi.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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