Prostat raky bir topar barlaglar we usullar arkaly anyklanýar, olara şular degişli bolup biler:
1. Rectal Exam (DRE): lukman prostata nädogry hereket edýändigini bilmek üçin elýeterli ýagly barmagy girizýär.
2. Prostat-Specific Antigen (PSA) Testi: Bu PSA, prostat beziniň öndürýän bir proteiniň derejesini ölçeg üçin bir gan testidir.
PSA-nyň ýokary derejesi prostata rakynyň bardygyny görkezýär.
3. Transrektal ultrases (TRUS): Ses tolkunlary arkaly prostata suratyny ýaratmak üçin kiçijik bir prob rektuma girizilýär.
Bu prostat bezindäki her hili anormallyklary anyklamaga kömek edýär.
4. Biopsiýa: prostata tohumynyň kiçijik nusgasy alnyp, rak öýjükleriniň bardygyny mikroskop astynda barlaýarlar.
Bu prostat rakyny anyklamak üçin ýeke-täk anyk ýoldur.
Magnetik rezonans suratlandyrma (MRI): MRT prostata bejergisi nädogry hereketleri anyklamaga we biopsiýa prosedurasyna kömek edýär.
Genomiýa barlagy: Käbir lukmanlar rak keseliniň näçe güýçlidigini anyklamak we bejergi babatda karara gelmek üçin genomiki barlagy ulanýarlar.
7. Sümük skaneri: rak süňklere ýaýradymy ýa ýa-da ýaýramadyklaryny bilmek üçin süňk skaneri edilýär.
Kompýuterli tomografiýa (KT): Kanser keseliniň başga organlara ýa-da dokulara ýaýrandygyny bilmek üçin KT ulanylýar.
PSA derejesi ýokary bolan ýa-da DRE netijesi üýtgeşik bolan erkekleriň ählisinde prostata raky bolmaýandygyny we ähli prostata raklary PSA derejesiniň ýokary bolmagyna sebäp bolmaýandygyny unutmaly däl.
Şonuň üçin diagnozy tassyklamak üçin biopsiya gerek.
Şeýle - de biopsiýa etmegiň deregine, bu barlaglaryň netijesini, adamyň howply ýagdaýyny we islegini göz öňünde tutmaly.
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Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
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How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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