Wonya nufu mu kokoram denam nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wɔyɛ so, a ebi ne:
1. Nufu mu nhwehwɛmu: Oduruyɛfo bɛhwɛ sɛ ebia nufu no mu ayɛ duru anaa ɛnsesae, anaa biribi foforo wɔ hɔ a.
2. Mammogram: Ɛne nufu mu mfonini a etumi hu nneɛma a ɛmfata ansa na obi ate nka mpo.
3. Ultrasound: Ɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde nnyigyei a ano yɛ den yɛ de twa nufu mu hon no ho mfonini, na ebetumi aboa ma wɔahu sɛ kokoram no yɛ kɛse anaasɛ nsu ayɛ no ma.
4. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a wɔde twa mfonini no de afiri a etumi twa nneɛma ho mfonini ne radio asorɔkye yɛ mfonini a ɛkɔ akyiri wɔ nufu mu.
5. Nufu mu nneɛma a wɔhwehwɛ: Woyi nufu mu nneɛma kakra na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete (microscope) hwɛ sɛ ebia kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ nufu no mu anaa.
6. Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Wobetumi ayɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu bi te sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow anaa nea ɛma wohu kokoram no ho nsɛnkyerɛnne de aboa ma wɔahu baabi a kokoram no adu anaa de ahwɛ sɛnea wɔsa no yare.
7. Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ kokoram ayɛ obi a ɔwɔ abusua no mu a, wobetumi ayɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu de ahu sɛ ebia awosu mu nsakrae bi a wonya fi awo mu a ɛma wonya kokoram no bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, anaa PET scan: Wɔyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu yi de hwɛ sɛ kokoram no atrɛw akodu nipadua no afã foforo anaa.
Sɛ wonya hu sɛ kokoram wɔ nufu mu a, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de ahu baabi a kokoram no adu ne sɛnea asɛe no fa, na aboa ma wɔasi gyinae wɔ ayaresa ho.
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Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.
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['Nsɛm a Ɛnsɛ sɛ Wɔka:']
['Wɔayɛ wɛbsaet yi sɛ wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ na wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ afoforo, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde rema aduruyɛ ho afotu anaa wɔde rema adwuma.']
['Ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde nsɛm a wɔde ama no di dwuma de hwehwɛ yare bi ho yare anaa wɔde sa yare, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔrehwehwɛ ayaresa ho afotu no kohu oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ tumi krataa.']
['Yɛsrɛ wo hyɛ no nsow sɛ, sɛnea wɔhwɛ nsɛmmisa no so no, sɛ ɛba sɛ wɔrekyerɛw nnipa dodow a wɔanya yare bi ho asɛm a, ɛntaa nsi yiye.']
['Hwehwɛ afotu fi wo duruyɛfo anaa ɔyaresafo foforo a ɔfata hɔ bere biara wɔ yare bi ho. Nnya adwene sɛ wo nsa bɛka oduruyɛfo afotu anaasɛ wubetwa so esiane biribi a woakenkan wɔ wɛbsaet yi so nti. Sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia wo ho behia wo wɔ ayaresa mu a, frɛ 911 anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo paa ntɛm ara.']
['Nsɛm a wɔmmɔ ho ban:']
['Digital Millennium Copyright Act a wɔhyɛe wɔ afe 1998 mu, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) no ma wɔn a wɔwɔ hokwan sɛ wɔyɛ wɔn nneɛma no kwan sɛ wɔyɛ nea wɔpɛ biara.']
["Sɛ wugye di sɛ nsɛm anaa nneɛma a ɛwɔ yɛn wɛbsaet anaa yɛn dwumadibea no mu bi to wo mmara a wode bɔɔ nneɛma ho ban no a, wo (anaa w'ananmusifo) betumi de krataa akɔma yɛn de aka sɛ yɛnyi nsɛm anaa nneɛma no, anaa yɛmmɔ kwan mma wonnya bi."]
["Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde krataa ne email na ɛbɔ amanneɛ (hwɛ 'Contact' afã hɔ na wubehu email address)."]
['DMCA hwehwɛ sɛ wo amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa nea wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ mmara a wobu so ho no de nsɛm a edidi so yi ka ho: (1) adwuma a mmara bɔ ho ban a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔadi so no ho asɛm; (2) nsɛm a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔadi so no ho asɛm ne nsɛm a ɛbɛboa yɛn ma yɛahu baabi a ɛwɔ; (3) wo ho nsɛm a yɛde bedi nkitaho, a wo address, telefon nɔma ne email address ka ho; (4) wo nsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wugye di sɛ nea wɔabɔ ho sobo no nyɛ nea mmara ma ho kwan; ']
['(5) wo nsahyɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu yɛ nokware, na wowɔ tumi sɛ wode nea wɔkyerɛ sɛ woadi ho dwuma no bedi dwuma; ']
['ne (6) nea ɔwɔ tumi sɛ ɔyɛ biribi ma obi a ɔwɔ tumi sɛ ɔyɛ biribi ma no no nsaano nkyerɛwee.']
['Sɛ woamfa nsɛm a yɛaka yi nyinaa anka ho a, ebetumi ama wo ka no akyɛ.']
['Nkitahodi']
['Yɛsrɛ wo, fa nsɛmmisa anaa nyansahyɛ biara a wowɔ brɛ yɛn wɔ e-mail so.']
How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
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