Uvei wo urticaria, u tukuiwavo okuti, uvei umue wocipa okuti u limbukiwila koku molẽha kuovilundu vi kusuka, vi lula kuenda oku lẽla.
Ci tava okuti ci kokiwa lovina vialua, oku kongelamo oku kuata esakalalo, oku kuatiwa lovovei kuenda ovihemba vimue.
Oku kulihisa uvei waco, mua kongela oku konomuisa ulandu wovoveyi omunu a kuete, oku u kũlĩhĩsa kuenda oku u konomuisa valivulu.
1. Ulandu wovoveyi: Ndotolo o pula nda omunu o kuete uvei umue, kuenda nda wa vela ale.
Ovo va ka pulavo otembo kua fetika oku molẽha ovovei aco, nda a kasi oku amamako, kuenda ovina vikuavo vi pondola oku u kokela ovitangi.
2. Oku kũlĩhĩsa etimba: Ndotolo o kũlĩhĩsa nda kuli apute, kuenda nda a lisanduila kolonepa viosi viekova.
Ovo va kũlĩhĩsa nda kuli ondimbukiso yikuavo yocitangi caco ndeci, oku lenda kuocipala, kolomẽla, ale kelimi.
3. Oku konomuisa: Olonjanja vimue, ndotolo o sukila oku kũlĩhĩsa osonde oco a limbuke nda omunu o kuete uvei umue.
Oku kulihisa eci ci koka ovovei aco, ci lingiwavo loku tombola etimba ale oku kapa ovihemba vimue vetimba.
4. Oku konomuisa eci omunu a pondola oku yeva ketimba: Nda ndotolo wa limbuka okuti omunu waco o kuete ocitangi cimue, o sukila oku u tuala kondotolo oco a kũlĩhĩsiwe vali ciwa.
Vovina viaco mua kongela oku kũlĩhĩsa etimba liomunu, oku kapa ovihemba vimue vetimba liaye ale osonde oco ku limbukiwe ovina vi koka uveyi waco.
5. Oku kũlĩhĩsa nda omunu o kuete uvei waco ale sio: Ndotolo o kũlĩhĩsavo ovina vikuavo vi koka uvei waco ndeci: Ekova, kuenda uhayele.
6. Oku konomuisa: Nda omunu o kuete uveyi waco, o sukila oku kũlĩhĩsa nda o kuete uveyi waco omo lioku kuata owuya, ombambi ale oku kapiwa osonde.
Poku ci linga, va kapa ekova liaco pocitumãlo cimue okuti, li kuata ongusu yoku linga eci va yongola.
7. Oku konomuisa uvei wo urticaria: Nda omunu o kuete uvei waco, ndotolo o sukila oku kũlĩhĩsa nda o kuete uvei ukuavo.
8. Oku konomuisa ovimatamata vietimba: Olonjanja vimue, olondotolo vi sukila oku linga ekonomuiso limue ndeci, o radiografia ale o tomografia oco va limbuke nda omunu o kuete uvei ukuavo.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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