O'pka saratoni quyidagi testlar va protseduralarni o'z ichiga olgan holda tashxis qo'yiladi:
1. Tibbiy tarix va jismoniy tekshiruv: Shifokor sizning alomatlaringiz, chekish tarixingiz va oilangizda o'pka saratoni bo'lganligi haqida so'raydi.
Shuningdek, ular kasallikning har qanday alomatlarini tekshirish uchun jismoniy tekshiruv o'tkazadilar.
2. Rasmli tekshiruvlar: ko'krakning rentgen tomografiyasi va kompyuter tomografiyasi (KT) odatda o'pka va atrofdagi tuzilmalarning batafsil tasvirlarini yaratish uchun ishlatiladi.
Ushbu testlar o'pka saratoni mavjudligini ko'rsatishi mumkin bo'lgan o'smalar yoki tugunlar kabi g'ayritabiiy holatlarni aniqlashda yordam beradi.
3. Sputum sitologiyasi: Saraton hujayralarini izlash uchun mikroskop ostida sputumning namunasi (o'pka ko'kragidan chiqarilgan shilliq) tekshiriladi.
4. Biopsiya: O'pka to'qimalarining namunasi olib tashlanadi va saraton hujayralari bor-yo'qligini aniqlash uchun mikroskop ostida tekshiriladi.
Bu bronxoskopiya, igna biopsiyasi yoki jarrohlik biopsiyasi orqali amalga oshirilishi mumkin.
5. Bronxoskopiya: nafas olish yo'llari va o'pkanlarni tekshirish uchun burun yoki og'iz orqali bo'yniga kamera bilan o'rnatilgan nozik, yorug' naycha kiritiladi.
Ushbu protsedura biopsiya uchun to'qima namunalarini olish uchun ham ishlatilishi mumkin.
6. Nozik igna aspiratsiyasi (FNA): tekshirish uchun hujayralar namunasini to'plash uchun o'pka noduli yoki massasiga nozik igna kiritiladi.
7. Thoracentesis: O'pka va ko'krak devorlari o'rtasidagi bo'shliqdan suyuqlik igna yordamida olib tashlanadi va suyuqlik saraton hujayralari uchun tekshiriladi.
8. Qon tekshiruvlari: Qon tekshiruvlari o'z-o'zidan o'pka saratonini aniqlay olmasa-da, bemorning umumiy sog'lig'ini aniqlashga va saraton mavjudligini ko'rsatishi mumkin bo'lgan har qanday nuqsonlarni aniqlashga yordam beradi.
9. Suyak tekshiruvi, MRI, uy hayvonlari tekshiruvi va boshqa tekshiruvlar: Ushbu tekshiruvlar saraton kasalligining tananing boshqa qismlariga tarqalganligini aniqlash uchun ishlatilishi mumkin.
O'pka saratoni aniqlangandan so'ng, saratonning bosqichini aniqlash uchun qo'shimcha testlar o'tkazilishi mumkin, bu esa davolanish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilishga yordam beradi.
Ushbu testlar ko'proq tasvirlash testlarini o'z ichiga olishi mumkin, masalan, miyaning kompyuter tomografiyasi, suyak skaneri yoki pozitron emissiya tomografiyasi (PET) skaneri.
Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B: A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb). 2020, 56 (63): 8968-8971.
Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.
Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
Mas'uliyatdan voz kechish: tibbiy
Ushbu veb-sayt faqat ta'lim va axborot maqsadlari uchun mo'ljallangan bo'lib, tibbiy maslahat yoki professional xizmatlar ko'rsatmaydi.
Ma'lumotlardan sog'liqni saqlash muammolari yoki kasalliklarni tashxislash yoki davolash uchun foydalanmaslik kerak va shaxsiy tibbiy maslahat so'raganlar litsenziyaga ega bo'lgan shifokor bilan maslahatlashishlari kerak.
Iltimos, savollarga javoblarni ishlab chiqaradigan neyron tarmog'i, ayniqsa, raqamli tarkibga kelganda noto'g'ri ekanligiga e'tibor bering. Masalan, ma'lum bir kasallik bilan kasallangan odamlar soni.
Har doim shifokoringiz yoki boshqa malakali sog'liqni saqlash provayderining maslahatini so'rang. Hech qachon professional tibbiy maslahatni e'tiborsiz qoldirmang yoki ushbu veb-saytda o'qiganingiz sababli uni so'rashni kechiktirmang. Agar siz tibbiy favqulodda vaziyatga duchor bo'lishingiz mumkin deb o'ylasangiz, darhol 911 ga qo'ng'iroq qiling yoki eng yaqin favqulodda vaziyatlar bo'limiga boring. Ushbu veb-sayt yoki uning ishlatilishi bilan hech qanday shifokor- bemor munosabatlari yaratilmaydi. BioMedLib ham, uning xodimlari ham, ushbu veb-saytga hech qanday hissa qo'shuvchi, bu erda taqdim etilgan ma'lumot yoki uning ishlatilishi bilan bog'liq hech qanday bayonot bermaydi.
Mas'uliyatdan voz kechish: mualliflik huquqi
1998-yilgi raqamli ming yillik mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi qonun, 17 U.S.C. 512-moddasi (DMCA) Internetda paydo bo'lgan materiallar AQSh mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi qonun bo'yicha o'z huquqlarini buzadi deb hisoblaydigan mualliflik huquqi egalari uchun choralar ko'rsatadi.
Agar siz bizning veb-saytimiz yoki xizmatlarimiz bilan bog'liq bo'lgan har qanday tarkib yoki material sizning mualliflik huquqingizni buzadi deb yaxshi ishonchga ega bo'lsangiz, siz (yoki sizning vakilingiz) bizga tarkib yoki materialni olib tashlashni yoki unga kirishni to'xtatishni so'rab xabar yuborishingiz mumkin.
Xabarlar yozma ravishda elektron pochta orqali yuborilishi kerak (elektron pochta manzili uchun "Muloqot" bo'limiga qarang).
DMCA sizning da'vo qilingan mualliflik huquqi buzilganligi to'g'risidagi xabarnomangizda quyidagi ma'lumotlarni o'z ichiga olishini talab qiladi: (1) da'vo qilingan mualliflik huquqi buzilgan asarning tavsifi; (2) da'vo qilingan mualliflik huquqi buzilgan tarkibning tavsifi va bizga tarkibni topishga imkon beradigan etarli ma'lumotlar; (3) siz uchun aloqa ma'lumotlari, shu jumladan sizning manzilingiz, telefon raqami va elektron pochta manzili; (4) siz tomonidan da'vo qilingan tarzda tarkib mualliflik huquqi egasi yoki uning vakili yoki har qanday qonun tomonidan ruxsat berilmaganligiga ishonchingiz borligi to'g'risidagi bayonot;
(5) siz tomonidan yolg'on guvohlik berish jazosi ostida imzolangan, bildirishnomadagi ma'lumotlar to'g'ri ekanligi va siz buzilgan deb da'vo qilingan mualliflik huquqlarini amalga oshirish vakolatiga ega ekanligingiz to'g'risidagi bayonot;
va (6) mualliflik huquqi egasining yoki mualliflik huquqi egasi nomidan harakat qilishga vakolatli shaxsning jismoniy yoki elektron imzosi.
Yuqoridagi barcha ma'lumotlarni kiritmaslik sizning shikoyatingizni ko'rib chiqishni kechiktirishi mumkin.
Aloqa qilish
Iltimos, har qanday savol / taklif bilan bizga elektron pochta xabarini yuboring.
How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
Disclaimer: medical
This web site is provided for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute providing medical advice or professional services.
The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician.
Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. No physician-patient relationship is created by this web site or its use. Neither BioMedLib nor its employees, nor any contributor to this web site, makes any representations, express or implied, with respect to the information provided herein or to its use.
Disclaimer: copyright
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the “DMCA”) provides recourse for copyright owners who believe that material appearing on the Internet infringes their rights under U.S. copyright law. If you believe in good faith that any content or material made available in connection with our website or services infringes your copyright, you (or your agent) may send us a notice requesting that the content or material be removed, or access to it blocked. Notices must be sent in writing by email (see 'Contact' section for email address) . The DMCA requires that your notice of alleged copyright infringement include the following information: (1) description of the copyrighted work that is the subject of claimed infringement; (2) description of the alleged infringing content and information sufficient to permit us to locate the content; (3) contact information for you, including your address, telephone number and email address; (4) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the content in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, or its agent, or by the operation of any law; (5) a statement by you, signed under penalty of perjury, that the information in the notification is accurate and that you have the authority to enforce the copyrights that are claimed to be infringed; and (6) a physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf. Failure to include all of the above information may result in the delay of the processing of your complaint.
Taxminan
BioMedLib savol-javob juftliklarini yaratish uchun avtomatlashtirilgan kompyuterlardan (mashinani o'rganish algoritmlaridan) foydalanadi.
Biz PubMed/Medline-ning 35 million biomedikal nashrlaridan boshlaymiz. Shuningdek, RefinedWeb-ning veb-sahifalari.
"Referensiyalar"ga shuningdek "Hujjatdan voz kechish"ga qarang.
