Ghe xe diversi fatori de riscio par l'infarto, tra cui:
1. Età: El ris-cio de infarto aumenta co l'età, specialmente dopo i 45 anni pa i òmeni e i 55 pa e done.
2. Alti livełi de colesterolo: Alti livełi de colesterolo LDL (cattivo) e bassi livełi de colesterolo HDL (bon) i pol aumentar el riscio de infarto.
3. Alta presion sanguigna: L'alta presion sanguigna incontrollada pol danificar e arterie e aumentar el riscio de infarto.
4. Diabete: I diabetici i xe a riscio pì alto de infarto par via dei dani che el sùcaro nel sangue el pol far ai vasi sanguigni.
5. Esar sovrappeso o obesi: El sovrappeso pol aumentar el riscio de infarto contribuendo a altri fatori de riscio come l'ipertension e el diabete.
6. No far esercizi: A mancansa de atività fisica pol contribuir al sviłupo de malatie cardiache e aumentar el riscio de infarto.
7. Fumar: El fumo xe un grande fator de riscio par l'infarto, parché el danneggia i vasi sanguigni e aumenta el riscio de coaguli.
8. Storia famegiałe: Storia famegiałe de małatia cardiaca pol aumentar el riscio de ataco cardiaco.
9. Fibrillasion atriałe: xe un ritmo cardiaco iregołare che pol aumentar el riscio de infarto e ictus.
10. Ataco cardiaco o ictus prima: I persone che ga avùo un ataco cardiaco o un ictus prima xe pì a riscio de averghene un altro.
11. Stress: El stress crònico pol contribuir al sviłupo de malatie cardiache e aumentar el riscio de infarto.
12. Małatie autoimuni: Małatie come el lupus e l'artrite reumatoide łe pol aumentar el riscio de małatia cardiaca nełe done.
13. Problemi de salute ligà ała gravidansa: łe done che łe se fa diabete gestaxionałe o ipertensión durante ła gravidansa łe ga un ris-cio aumentà de farse małe de core in seguito.
14. Bassi livełi de estrogeni: łe done che ga passà ła menopausa o che ga avùo na isterectomia ga livełi de estrogeni più bassi, che pol aumentar el riscio de malatie cardiache rispeto ałe done che no ga avùo.
Xe importante notar che mentre alcuni fatori de riscio, come l'età e a storia familiare, no i pol essar canbià, tanti altri i pol essar gestìi co canbiamenti nel stiłe de vita e interventi medici.
Controlli regolari, mantegner na dieta sana, far esercizi regolarmente, smetar de fumar e gestir condission croniche come l'ipertension e el diabete pol jutar a ridur el riscio de infarto.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
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Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
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Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
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What are the risk factors for heart attack?
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
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